Pre- and postoperative neutrophil and lymphocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Patients with CRC are diagnosed based on various predictors, including performance status, clinicopathological factors and TNM classification. The aim of the present study was to analyze the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in pre- and postoperative blood samples of patients with CRC in correlation with specific anatomical variables and disease- free survival (DFS).

Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in peripheral whole blood samples of colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Therefore, it is critically important to identify new useful markers that can be easily obtained in routine practice. Inflammation is a crucial issue in the pathogenesis and development of cancer.

Insulin receptor substrate 1 may play divergent roles in human colorectal cancer development and progression.

Background: Despite effective prevention and screening methods, the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) are still high. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a signaling molecule involved in cell proliferation, survival and metabolic responses has been implicated in carcinogenic processes in various cellular and animal models. However, the role of IRS-1 in CRC biology and its value as a clinical CRC biomarker has not been well defined.

Review of Potential Significance of Mutations of , and Detected Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Dermal Fibrosarcoma Arising in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans.

We examined a status of fibrosarcoma arising in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of 64-year-old male patient. A dermal, solid, grayish-yellow, desmin-negative trichrome-bluish tumor measured 1.5 cm in diameter pT1a (edition 8 pTNM).

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary tumors of colorectal cancer and their metastases.

The presence of tumor cells in the large intestine stimulates hypoxia and local inflammatory mediators that activate numerous inflammatory cells, including a diverse lymphoid tumor cell population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) located in the invasive primary tumor, surrounding deposits of tumor cells and those present in distal metastatic cells in the liver of patients with colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the correlation of TILs with anatomical parameters was assessed.

Prognostic significance of inflammatory cell response in patients with colorectal cancer.

Cancer cells are characterized by a low antigenic immunogenicity, a rapid growth and an immunosuppressive effect on the extracellular matrix. These properties induce a weak immune response in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. It is therefore crucial to determine the composition of the inflammatory mass, including neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils in the tumor tissue of patients with CRC, and to analyze other clinicopathological parameters.

Features of the fetal gonad in androgen synthesis in the postpubertal testis are preserved in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome due to a novel genetic splice site donor variant in androgen receptor gene intron 1.

Mutations in the X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene cause complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). CAIS may cause congenital sexual development disorder, which frequently develops into testicular tumors. Here, we describe a novel splice-site intron 1 mutation in AR leading to improper splicing and AR protein absence in CAIS gonads.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast as a clinical diagnostic challenge.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the breast should be differentiated between the primary skin keratinizing squamous carcinoma and squamous metaplastic cancer. In the current study, the cases of two patients who were diagnosed with SqCC originated from skin and the breast were discussed. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the presence of atypical squamous cells.

Stromal and intraepithelial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal carcinoma.

The local mechanisms of antitumor immune defense determine the development and organization of the tumor microenvironment, and the composition and relative proportions of the inflammatory cell population affect the quality and characteristics of the immune response. The aim of the present study was to conduct a quantitative morphological evaluation of two types of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) populations, including those located in the stroma and intraepithelial cancer structures, in the invasive front and the center of the tumor in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The study included 160 patients with CRC who had undergone surgery.

Comparison of E-cadherin with STAT3 and apoptosis regulators: Bak and Bcl-xL in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of different ER-alpha immunoprofile.

E-cadherin is a factor of good prognosis in endometrioid adenocarcinomas, while STAT3 is an oncogenic driver of carcinogenesis. E-cadherin, Bak, Bcl-xL and STAT3 were immunohistochemically detected in 78 human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin correlated with STAT3 (p <.

Diagnostic value of inflammatory cell infiltrates, tumor stroma percentage and disease-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

The anticancer immune defense mechanism involves humoral and cellular responses. The main effector mechanisms of antitumor responses involve the following: the activity of cytotoxic T cells; the activation of macrophages and neutrophils; the activity of cytokines secreted by T cells; and natural killer cell activity. Selected cell populations are responsible for the stimulation or suppression of the immune system against tumor cells.

Eventual proapoptotic or anti-apoptotic impact of aberrantly expressed Cx43 and Cx26 can depend on ER-alpha overexpression in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) accumulations lead to impairment of gap junctional intercellular communication in endometrial cancer. The task of this study was to explore relationships of Cx26 and Cx43 with anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and proapoptotic agent Bak in ER-alpha and PgR negative or variably positive endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Cx26, Cx43, Bak, Bcl-xL, PgR and ER-alpha were detected in 78 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with immunohistochemistry.

Adenoid basal carcinoma-like tumor combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma foci of uterine cervix - a case report of 55-year-old woman with literature review.

Background: Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of uterine cervix is an extraordinary example of carcinoma with both basal and glandular cell types. Here we present such a case of ABC combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of 55-year-old woman.

Methods: The tumor was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Mucicarmine, PAS/Alcian Blue, CK AE1/AE3, CK7, CD117 and Ki67.

E-cadherin and β-catenin adhesion proteins correlate positively with connexins in colorectal cancer.

The majority of solid cancers present with qualitative and quantitative aberrations of adhesion proteins, including E-cadherin and β-catenin, and connexin (Cx) gap junction proteins, which is consistent with alterations in the expression and location of such proteins in neoplastic cells. Since there are no data on the correlation between adhesion proteins and Cxs in human colorectal cancer (CRC), the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and correlation between these proteins. Tissue specimens were obtained from 151 cases of surgically removed colorectal adenocarcinomas.

The relationships between hypoxia-dependent markers: HIF-1alpha, EPO and EPOR in colorectal cancer.

Hypoxia triggers production of several cytoprotective proteins. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) is a powerful stimulator of transcription of many genes, including erythropoietin (EPO) in hypoxia-affected cells. Recent data have also implicated signaling by EPO receptor (EPOR) as a new factor influencing tumor progression.

Comparison of primarily diet-modifiable intestinal factors, connexin 43 and E-cadherin with TP53 and TGFB1 in colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: Primarily, a diet (particularly dietary lipids and vitamins) can reversibly modify intestinal expressions of a few factors like connexin 43 (Cx43), E-cadherin (Cdh1), TP53 and TGFB1 with a special impact on immunity and mutagenesis. Malignant phenotype constitutes a diet-resistant signal streaming with engagement of these molecules which are generated in autonomous ways in colorectal cancer.

Methodology: We aimed to compare adhesion proteins: (Cx43) and Cdh1 with TP53 and TGFB1 in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

[Influence of the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with the dietary supplementation on sperm parameters].

Unlabelled: The severe oligospermia and lukocytospermia is diagnosed among 25-40% of the infertile patients despite the absence of any clinical manifestation of the inflammatory process. The white blood cells are the main source of the free oxidative radicals, which can injure the cell membranes and the sperm DNA integrity influencing the reproductive potential of the male gametes. The aim of study was to assess the influence of the anti-inflammatory anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with the dietary supplementation on sperm parameters in the patients with severe oligospermia and lukocytospermia.

[Gap junction intercellular communication in carcinogenesis of endometrial cancer].

One of the mechanisms for direct cell to cell signaling is mediated by gap junctions. These junctions are formed by connexins, transmembrane proteins. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a critical role in tissue development, differentiation of cells, and regulation of tissue homeostasis.

STAT3 and apoptosis regulators: Bak and Bcl-xL in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of different estrogen receptor-α immunoprofile.

Estrogen receptor (ER) is a major feature of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It has a significant impact on constitution of estrogen-responsiveness of this endometrial malignancy, in which STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) becomes hyperactivated. The aim of our study was to detect immunohistochemically and compare expressions of STAT3 with apoptosis regulators (Bak and Bcl-xL) in regard to different pathological features and variably pronounced ER-α immunoprofile in 78 endometrioid adenocarcinomas.

GLUT1 and Bcl-xL in relation to erythropoietin in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Background/aims: GLUT1 and EPO belong to so called hypoxia-associated markers, which exert cytoprotective actions in the hypoxia suffering cells. In oxygen deficiency Bcl-xL can also be upregulated.

Methodology: Therefore, we detected with immunohistochemistry and compared EPO with expressions of GLUT-1 and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL in 125 colorectal cancers.

ERα and ERβ expression in correlation with Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bak in primary tumors and lymph node metastases of breast cancer: The effect of pre-operative chemotherapy.

This study aimed to assess the pre-operative chemotherapy impact on the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) expression and markers of proliferation and apoptosis in primary and metastatic breast cancer. Immunohistochemical examinations were conducted on surgically removed ductal invasive breast cancers and their lymph node metastases in 135 patients. A total of 64 patients from this group underwent pre-operative chemotherapy and in 71 cases the surgery was performed without primary chemotherapy.

Relationships between hypoxia markers and the leptin system, estrogen receptors in human primary and metastatic breast cancer: effects of preoperative chemotherapy.

Background: Tumor hypoxia is marked by enhanced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-1alpha) and glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1). Hypoxic conditions have also been associated with overexpression of angiogenic factors, such as leptin. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationships between hypoxia markers HIF-1alpha, Glut-1, leptin, leptin receptor (ObR) and other breast cancer biomarkers in primary and metastatic breast cancer in patients treated or untreated with preoperative chemotherapy.

Aberrant distributions and relationships among E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and connexin 26 and 43 in endometrioid adenocarcinomas.

During carcinogenesis, loss of intracellular cohesion is observed among cancer cells with altered expression of such adhesion molecules as E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and aberrant expression and cellular location of intercellular gap junction proteins-connexins. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression and relationship between E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and the connexins Cx26 and Cx43 in 86 endometrioid adenocarcinomas. The aberrant cytoplasmic translocation of the studied proteins was a predominant finding, whereas only a minority of cases showed normal, nuclear beta-catenin labeling or membranous distribution of the remaining molecules.