Recommendations for modernizing infant vaccination schedules with combination vaccines in Colombia and Peru.

The objective of this article was to consider the vaccination challenges in Colombia and Peru and the role of pediatric combination vaccines in overcoming these challenges. Barriers to including new vaccines with more antigens remain apparent in parts of these countries, where vaccine-preventable diseases in infants continue to be a major problem. The challenges include the heterogeneity of vaccine coverage within each country and in neighboring countries, which can contribute to poor rates of vaccination coverage; the adverse impact of the inward migration of unvaccinated individuals, which has favored the re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases; vaccine shortages; and the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated shifts in health care resources.

Current status of poliomyelitis in Latin America.

Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has been instrumental in controlling the polio epidemic, and stands out for its safety, efficacy, ease of oral administration, and low cost. However, despite these advantages, as it is a live attenuated virus vaccine, there is the possibility of mutations that confer neurovirulence. Therefore, surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is important, whether associated with live vaccines (VAPP) or vaccine-derived viruses (VDPV).

Burden of varicella in Latin America and the Caribbean: findings from a systematic literature review.

Background: Varicella is typically mild and self-limiting, but can be associated with complications and even death. The limited data available on varicella in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) indicate substantial burden in countries where varicella vaccine is not part of publicly funded childhood national immunization programs.

Methods: A systematic literature review of published studies was complemented by "gray" literature on varicella incidence, complications, mortality, and economic consequences, in the absence and presence of universal varicella vaccination (UVV) in LAC.

[Remarks on the possibility of the introduction of fractionated dose of the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in the Latin American Child Immunization Schedule].

As last notified case of poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus type 2 was 1999, in 2012, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the withdrawal of the type 2 component of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the introduction of bivalent OPV (bOPV) in all countries by 2016. WHO recommended also that the withdrawal should be preceded by the introduction of at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization schedules. The introduction of IPV prior to the change of the bOPV in 2016 to trivalent OPV (tOPV) was based on the concept of ensuring that a substantial proportion of the population would be protected against type 2 polio after the removal of the type 2 OPV.

Varicella epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Introduction: The Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE), with the support of the Americas Health Foundation (AHF), has developed a position paper on varicella prevention in Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC). This article summarizes the most relevant aspects of varicella in LAC, and emphasizes the need to include the varicella vaccine in the national immunization programs in the Region and evaluate its impact disease burden.

Areas Covered: A systematic review was conducted of the medical evidence published and presented at various regional medical conferences on the disease burden in LAC, the advances made by prevention programs, the available vaccines in the Region, and their immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety.

Epidemiological burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adolescents with predisposing risk factors.

Objective: Some medical conditions constitute important risk factors for the development of invasive pneumococcal diseases in children and adolescents aged from 5 to 19 years. Conjugate vaccines have potential efficacy in this scenario, but are not available in many Latin American public healthcare systems for this age group. This study aimed to estimate the preventable fraction of invasive pneumococcal diseases among individuals aged from 5 to 19 years with associated risk factors for its development.

Pneumococcal disease: new challenges and new proposals for Latin America.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is the leading cause of vaccine preventable deaths in children < 5 years worldwide and it causes a significant disease burden in Latin America and the Caribbean. In order to combat the increasing incidence of IPD in our region, the vast majority of countries have included pneumococcal vaccines as a preventive strategy. The GREEN group (Grupo Regional de Estudio de la Enfermedad Neumococica) has been created to study pneumococcal disease, unify data from the Latin American countries and learn in detail the epidemiology pre and post-pneumococcal vaccination.

Toward improved influenza control through vaccination.

In August 27/2014, SLIPE organized the Master Class "Towards improved influenza control through vaccination", a panel with international influenza experts who shared their understanding of the disease and the control measures available, focusing on the most recent information about this serious diseases. In this report Dr Falleiros and Dr Bricks summarized the following topics: Global influenza epidemiology, presented by Dr Puig-Barbera; Influenza vaccine recommendations and coverage in Latin American countries, presented by Dr Bricks; Influenza vaccines efficacy and effectiveness, presented by Dr Fedson: Influenza burden ;md rational for prevention in children, presented by Dr Muiioz; Influenza burden in pregnancy, presented by Dr Ribeiro; Influenza vaccination in health care workers, presented by Dr Macias; Influenza vaccination in the elderly, presented by Dr Ribeiro; Rational to increase vaccination coverage rates Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, presented by Dr Puig-Barbera; Influenza B epidemiology and vaccine strain mismatch in Latin American Region, presented by Dr Bricks; Modeling for quadrivalent influenza vaccines impact, presented by Dr Blank; Rational for quadrivalent influenza vaccines and the clinical development of QIV s, presented by Dr Desauziers and Modelling quadrivalent influenza vaccines impact, presented by Dr Blank.

The challenge of changing the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in Latin America: declaration of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE).

Even though we have already covered 99% of the path to eradicate poliomyelitis from the world, this disease is still causing paralysis in children. Its eradication means not only the end of wild poliovirus circulation, but vaccine-derived poliovirus circulation as well. Taking into account different factors such as: current epidemiological data, adverse events of the attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV), the availability of an injectable inactivated vaccine (IPV) without the potential of causing the severe adverse events of the oral vaccine (OPV), the efficacy and effectiveness of the IPV in several countries of the world where it has been used for several years, the rationale of changing the vaccination schedule in different Latin American countries; the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE) announces its recommendation of switching to IPV in Latin America, by this Declaration, with an Action Plan for 2014-2015 period as regards vaccination against polio policies in Latin America.

Pertussis in Latin America: epidemiology and control strategies.

Pertussis is a serious respiratory disease in infants that can also affect children and adults. Vaccination against pertussis was introduced in the 1950s and in the 1990s a resurgence of pertussis was observed worldwide. The aim of this work is to summarize the recent data concerning pertussis disease in different countries of Latin America.