Fatty acid β-oxidation in brain mitochondria: Insights from high-resolution respirometry in mouse, rat and Drosophila brain, ischemia and aging models.

Glucose is the main energy source of the brain, yet recent studies demonstrate that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a relevant role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders. We evaluated FAO in brain mitochondria under physiological conditions, in the aging brain, and after stroke. Using high-resolution respirometry we compared medium-chain (MC, octanoylcarnitine) and long-chain (LC, palmitoylcarnitine) acylcarnitines as substrates of β-oxidation in the brain.

Functional hypoxia reduces mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Mitochondrial respiration extends beyond ATP generation, with the organelle participating in many cellular and physiological processes. Parallel changes in components of the mitochondrial electron transfer system with respiration render it an appropriate hub for coordinating cellular adaption to changes in oxygen levels. How changes in respiration under functional hypoxia (i.

Fatty acyl availability modulates cardiolipin composition and alters mitochondrial function in HeLa cells.

The molecular assembly of cells depends not only on the balance between anabolism and catabolism but to a large degree on the building blocks available in the environment. For cultured mammalian cells, this is largely determined by the composition of the applied growth medium. Here, we study the impact of lipids in the medium on mitochondrial membrane architecture and function by combining LC-MS/MS lipidomics and functional tests with lipid supplementation experiments in an otherwise serum-free and lipid-free cell culture model.

Luminal ANG II is internalized as a complex with ATR/ATR heterodimers to target endoplasmic reticulum in LLC-PK cells.

ANG II has many biological effects in renal physiology, particularly in Ca handling in the regulation of fluid and solute reabsorption. It involves the systemic endocrine renin-angiotensin system (RAS), but tissue and intracrine ANG II are also known. We have shown that ANG II induces heterodimerization of its AT and AT receptors (ATR and ATR) to stimulate sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) activity.

ATP7B activity is stimulated by PKCɛ in porcine liver.

Copper is necessary for all organisms since it acts as a cofactor in different enzymes, although toxic at high concentrations. ATP7B is one of two copper-transporting ATPases in humans, its vital role being manifested in Wilson disease due to a mutation in the gene that encodes this pump. Our objective has been to determine whether pathways involving protein kinase C (PKC) modulate ATP7B activity.