An update on the mechanisms and risk factors for anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: a narrative review.

The relation between surgery and anesthesia safety in children and a country's Human Development Index (HDI) value has been described previously. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an update on the mechanisms and risk factors of Anesthesia-Related Cardiac Arrest (ARCA) in pediatric surgical patients in countries with different HDI values and over time (pre-2001 vs. 2001‒2024).

[Effects of rocuronium, sugammadex and rocuronium-sugammadex complex on coagulation in rats].

Background And Objectives: Sugammadex is an alternative pharmacological drug capable of reversing neuromuscular blockades without the limitations that are presented by anticholinesterase drugs. Coagulation disorders that are related to treatment with sugammadex were reported. The exact mechanism of the effects on coagulation are not fully understood.

Predictors and their prognostic value for no ROSC and mortality after a non-cardiac surgery intraoperative cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study.

Data on predictors of intraoperative cardiac arrest (ICA) outcomes are scarce in the literature. This study analysed predictors of poor outcome and their prognostic value after an ICA. Clinical and laboratory data before and 24 hours (h) after ICA were analysed as predictors for no return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 24 h and 1-year mortality.

[Ultrasound dynamics of gastric content volumes after the ingestion of coconut water or a meat sandwich. A randomized controlled crossover study in healthy volunteers].

Background: Adequate preoperative fasting is critical in preventing pulmonary aspiration of gastric content. We proposed to study the sonographic gastric content dynamics after the ingestion of liquid or solid food in healthy volunteers and confront it with current guidelines for preoperative fasting times.

Methods: We performed a prospective, crossover, evaluator-blinded study involving 17 healthy volunteers of both sexes.

Noradrenaline and dobutamine effects on the volume expansion with normal saline in rabbits subjected to hemorrhage.

Purpose:: To evaluate the effects of dobutamine (DB), noradrenaline (NA), and their combination (NADB), on volume retention in rabbits submitted to hemorrhage.

Methods:: Thirty six rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: SHAM, Control, Saline, DB, NA, DB+NA. All the animals, except for SHAM, were subjected to hemorrhage of 25% of the calculated blood volume.

Evaluation of genotoxicity of general anesthesia maintained with desflurane in patients under minor surgery.

There is controversy over the genotoxic effects of volatile anesthetics. The available literature on the genotoxicity of desflurane, one of the newest volatile halogenated agents used for general anesthesia maintenance, is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of desflurane in 15 patients without comorbidities, of both sexes, who underwent minor surgeries lasting at least 90 min.

Effects of catecholamines on volemic replacement with saline solution and the impact on heart rate variability in rabbits subjected to hemorrhage. A study by spectral analysis.

Purpose: To verify the effects of different catecholamines on volemic expansion and on the autonomic nervous system in rabbits that were subjected to hemorrhage.

Methods: Twenty four rabbits subjected to hemorrhage (with a 25% loss of blood volume) and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 1) HEMO Group underwent replacement with their own blood in an equal volume; 2) SS Group underwent replacement with saline solution (SS) in a volume that corresponded to three times the removed blood volume; 3) ISP Group underwent replacement with SS and isoprenaline; 4) FNL Group underwent replacement with SS and phenylephrine. Spectral Analysis of the heart rate and heart rate variability were performed from the recorded data.

Effects of propofol in lipid-based emulsion and in microemulsion on the incidence of endothelial lesion in rabbits.

Purpose: To compare the incidence of endothelial injury after single-dose or continuous propofol infusion in conventional lipid-based emulsion (LE) versus microemulsion (ME).

Methods: Forty-two rabbits (2.5-4.

Effects of magnesium sulphate on the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in patients aged 60 years and older: A randomised trial.

Background: There is little information on the interaction between magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and rocuronium in elderly patients. With a growing number of older patients who need surgical procedures, it is increasingly important to study this age group.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of MgSO4 administration on the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in patients aged 60 years or older.

The effect of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch vs. Ringer's lactate on acute kidney injury after renal ischemia in rats.

Purpose: To compare fluid replacement therapy with Hydroxyethyl starch 6% (HES) versus Ringer's lactate (RL) in a rodent model of non-septic renal ischemia.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized to receive HES 2 ml.kg(-1).

The effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch-hypertonic saline in resuscitation of dogs with hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Hemodynamic and global oxygen transport variables have failed to reflect splanchnic hypoperfusion, resulting in a failure to recognize inadequately treated hemorrhagic shock. Volemic expansion after fluid resuscitation is essential to improve global and regional oxygen in hemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that, in contrast to conventional plasma expanders, the smaller volemic expansion from 7.

Dexmedetomidine alters the cardiovascular response during infra-renal aortic cross-clamping in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Some properties of the volatile anesthetics, such as vasodilatation and myocardial depression, combined with the sympathetic inhibition that alpha2-agonists can produce, may determine hemodynamic alterations during aortic surgery. The interaction between dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-agonist, and sevoflurane during aortic surgery is unknown. We studied the effects of DEX on hemodynamics and systemic oxygenation during aortic cross-clamping (Aox) and unclamping (UAox) in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Does the choice of the halogenated anesthetic influence renal function during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation?

Introduction: Halogenated anesthetics can cause changes in the variables that modify the cardiac output necessary to maintain renal hemodynamic during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. However, halogenated anesthetics seem to protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In a model of pressure-guided hemorrhagic shock in dogs, we studied the comparative effects of three halogenated anesthetics-halothane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane-at equipotent concentrations on renal responses after resuscitation.

Effect of esmolol on fluid therapy in normovolemia and hypovolemia.

beta-Adrenergic agonists can enhance vascular volume expansion after a fluid bolus. The present study addresses how the beta-adrenergic antagonist esmolol influences volume expansion and fluid balance during normovolemia (series 1) and hypovolemia (series 2). Sheep were instrumented, and the spleen was removed.

Gastric mucosal perfusion in dogs: effects of halogenated anesthetics and of hemorrhage.

The gastrointestinal tract is one of the first organs affected by hypoperfusion during hemorrhagic shock. The hemodynamics and oxygen transport variables during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation can be affected by the anesthetics used. In a model of pressure-guided hemorrhagic shock in dogs, we studied the effects of three halogenated anesthetics--halothane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane--at equipotent concentrations on gastric oxygenation.

Adrenergic drugs alter both the fluid kinetics and the hemodynamic responses to volume expansion in sheep.

Background: Plasma volume expansion is often performed during adrenergic therapy in the intensive care unit, but little is known about their combined effects.

Materials And Methods: The influence of three adrenergic drugs (50 microg/kg/min of dopamine, 0.1 microg/kg/min of isoprenaline, or 3 microg/kg/min of phenylephrine) on the relationship between plasma dilution (an index of volume expansion) and the central hemodynamic responses to volume loading with 24 ml/kg of 0.

Strictu sensu post-graduation in anesthesiology: experience of ten years at Universidade Estadual Paulista.

Background And Objectives: There are still few strictu sensu Post-Graduation Programs in Anesthesiology in Brazil. Aiming at fostering post-graduation in Anesthesiology in Brazil, we present the experience of ten years at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP).

Contents: Strictu sensu post-graduation program in Anesthesiology - UNESP was accredited by CAPES since its beginning in 1994, for Master and Doctoral programs.

[Cardiovascular and renal effects of intra-arterial injection of ionic radiological contrast in dogs under fluid restriction.].

Background And Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating acute radiological contrast effects in fluid restriction situations, observing renal and cardiovascular effects after intra-arterial injection of high osmolarity radiological contrast.

Methods: Participated in this study 16 dogs anesthetized with sodium thiopental (15 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (0.

Effects of different catecholamines on the dynamics of volume expansion of crystalloid infusion.

Background: The authors studied the influence of alpha, beta, and dopaminergic catecholamines on blood volume expansion in conscious normovolemic sheep before, during, and after a bolus infusion of a crystalloid.

Methods: A 0.9% NaCl bolus (24 ml/kg in 20 min) was infused in four paired experiments each: no drug, dopamine infusion (50 microg .

The early systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with hypertonic saline and hypertonic saline 6% dextran-70: a comparative study in dogs.

The smaller volemic state from hypertonic (7.5%) saline (HS) solution administration in hemorrhagic shock can determine lesser systemic oxygen delivery and tissue oxygenation than conventional plasma expanders. In a model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs, we studied the systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of HS and hyperoncotic (6%) dextran-70 in combination with HS (HSD) solutions in comparison with lactated Ringer's (LR) and (6%) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions.

Effects of clonidine on cardiovascular responses to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. Experimental study in dogs.

Background And Objectives: Infrarenal aortic cross-clamping is associated to cardiovascular effects. Clonidine, an alpha2-agonist, determines bradycardia and hypotension. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of clonidine on the cardiovascular function of dogs submitted to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping.

Renal and cardiovascular effects of dopamine and 7.5% sodium chloride infusion: experimental study in dogs with water restriction.

Background And Objectives: Dopamine infusion for renal protection is controversial. This study aimed at observing the effects of dopamine, hypertonic solution and the association of both in dogs with water restriction, emulating preoperative fast.

Methods: The following renal function parameters were studied in 32 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and fentanyl: effective renal plasma flow (sodium para-aminohippurate clearance), glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), sodium, potassium and osmolar clearance, sodium and potassium fractional excretion and renal vascular resistance.