New diagnostic approach to central hypothyroidism after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.

Background: Pituitary lesions after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequent in children and adolescents, but the rate of post-TBI central hypothyroidism remains uncertain.

Objective: To identify the long-term incidence of post-TBI CH and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this complication in children and adolescents.

Methods: The analysis included 31 patients with a history of TBI with at least 1 year of follow-up.

Molecular underpinnings of the early brain developmental response to differential feeding in the honey bee Apis mellifera.

Brain differential morphogenesis in females is one of the major phenotypic manifestations of caste development in honey bees. Brain diphenism appears at the fourth larval phase as a result of the differential feeding regime developing females are submitted during early phases of larval development. Here, we used a forward genetics approach to test the early brain molecular response to differential feeding leading to the brain diphenism observed at later developmental phases.

Immunosenescence in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) is caused by intrinsic senescence and behavioral physiology.

Young honey bee workers (0 to 2-3 weeks old) perform tasks inside the colony, including brood care (nursing), whereas older workers undergo foraging tasks during the next 3-4 weeks, when an intrinsic senescence program culminates in worker death. We hypothesized that foragers are less able to react to immune system stimulation than nurse bees and that this difference is due to an inefficient immune response in foragers. To test this hypothesis, we used an experimental design that allowed us to uncouple chronological age and behavior status (nursing/foraging).

T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, with and without inversion recovery, in the identification of anatomical structures on the lateral surface of the brain.

Objective: To compare brain structures using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging with isotropic resolution, in T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) acquisition, with and without inversion recovery (IR).

Materials And Methods: From 30 individuals, we evaluated 120 blocks of images of the left and right cerebral hemispheres being acquired by T1 GRE and by T1 IR GRE. On the basis of the Naidich et al.

Hematoma volumes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: the ellipse (ABC/2) method yielded volumes smaller than those measured using the planimetric method.

Objective: To compare two different methods for measuring intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume: the ellipse volume (called ABC/2), and the software-aided planimetric.

Methods: Four observers evaluated 20 brain computed tomography (CT) scans with spontaneous ICH. Each professional measured the volume using the ABC/2 and the planimetric methods.

Microsurgical anatomy of the orbit: the rule of seven.

The orbits are paired structures, located on the anterior part of the face. Morphologically, each orbit is a four sided pyramid with a posterior apex and anterior base. In the orbit, all openings are arranged around the base, apex or between the orbital walls.

[Citophotometric expression of the factor of cellular proliferation ki-67 in the goiter colloid and in the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid].

Objective: To compare the cytophotometric quantitative expression of Ki-67 cellular proliferation factor in the colloid goiter with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Methods: The protein Ki-67 was studied with immunohistochemistry in 20 cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and 12 cases of colloid goiter. The immunomarked cell nuclei were quantified through the software SAMBA 4000 and analyzed by software IMMUNO, considering variables index marker and optical density.

Interleukin-6 plasmatic levels in patients with head trauma and intracerebral hemorrhage.

The exact role of inflammatory response in hemorrhagic contusions is not fully characterized. The present study quantified IL-6 plasmatic levels in patients with closed head trauma and hemorrhagic contusions during the first 6 to 12 hours postrauma. The association between the plasmatic IL-6 levels, severity of trauma according to the Glasgow Coma Scale, volume of intracerebral hemorrhage and patient's clinical evolution were investigated.

[Evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Aroeira (Shinus Terebinthifolius Raddi) in the healing process of wound skin in rats].

Purpose: To evaluate the healing effect of the topic administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of aroeira in open wounds in the dorsocostal region of rats.

Methods: Sixty Wistar rats, males, were used. In all animals one skin fragment was removed, with two centimeters in diameter.

Vein of Galen aneurysm in an adult: case report.

Vein of Galen aneurysm is a rare pathology, representing less than 1% of intracranial vascular malformations. We report on a 65-year-old man who experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain imaging showed a large calcified expanding mass in the pineal region, confirming the diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm.

[Punctate midline myelotomy for the treatment of oncologic visceral pain: analysis of three cases].

Introduction: A new midline posterior column pathway related to visceral pain has been recently discovered.

Objective: To present its interruption by a punctate midline myelotomy providing significant visceral oncologic pain relief.

Method: Three patients with abdominal cancer refractory pain from opiate analgesics were treated by a punctate midline myelotomy through thoracic laminectomy.