HPV Genotype Prevalence and Success of Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer.

Background: Nearly 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are estimated annually worldwide. Three vaccines are currently licensed to prevent cervical cancer. The success of vaccination depends mainly on the prevalence of HPV genotypes, and many cases of HPV infection have been diagnosed after vaccination.

Validation of a New Low-Cost, Methanol-Based Fixative for Cervical Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Detection.

Objective: To test the performance of a new fixative for pap smear collection for liquid-based cervical cytology, CellPreserv® and compare it with the commercially available, PreservCyt® used in the diagnosis and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Methods: Seven hundred twenty five women participated in this study after signing an informed consent. The specimens were collected using a traditional device, agitated in PBS, and equally divided in both fixatives.

Establishment and characterization of androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines, PcBra1, PcBra2, and PcBra3.

One of the main obstacles for understanding biological events involved in cancer is the lack of experimental models for in vitro studies especially for prostate cancer (PC). There are a limited number of PC cell lines being the majority originated from metastatic tumors mostly acquired from American Tissue Cell Culture which demands importation an expensive and bureaucratic process. Also it is well known that there are ethnic differences between populations concerning the behavior of tumors and the research based on cell lines derived from Brazilians should be interesting.

Establishment and characterization of human bladder cancer cell lines BexBra1, BexBra2, and BexBra4.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common cancer in the USA. In Brazil, BC represents 3% of the total existing carcinomas in the population and represents the second highest incidence among urological tumors. The majority of bladder cancer cell lines available were derived from Caucasians and established in the seventies or eighties.

miRNA analysis of prostate cancer by quantitative real time PCR: comparison between formalin-fixed paraffin embedded and fresh-frozen tissue.

Objective: Micro RNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNA that plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression, which has been related to cancer behavior. The possibility of analyzing miRNA from the archives of pathology laboratories is exciting, as it allows for large retrospective studies. Formalin is the most common fixative used in the surgical pathology routine, and its promotion of nucleic acid degradation is well known.

Retinoic acid inhibits dendritic cell differentiation driven by interleukin-4.

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) appears to affect Th1-Th2 differentiation and its effects on immune responses might also be mediated by dendritic cell (DC). Nonetheless, studies have been showing contradictory results since was observed either induction or inhibition of DC differentiation. Our aim was to investigate atRA action on human monocyte derived DC differentiation.

Cdx2, cytokeratin 20, thyroid transcription factor 1, and prostate-specific antigen expression in unusual subtypes of prostate cancer.

There are some unusual histologic variants of prostate carcinoma, including mucinous, signet-ring cells, and ductal carcinomas that can metastasize in a problematic way and simulate lung, colorectal, or bladder primaries. Currently, antibodies that are organ-specific have been used in the routine surgical pathology practice. Our aim is to study the profile of expression of Cdx2, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in prostate cancer with unusual histologic finding.

Prostate cancer detection at rebiopsy after an initial benign diagnosis: results using sextant extended prostate biopsy.

Introduction: Sextant prostate biopsy remains the standard technique for the detection of prostate cancer. It is well known that after a diagnosis of small acinar proliferation (ASAP) or high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), the possibility of finding cancer is approximately 40% and 30%, respectively.

Objective: We aim to analyze follow-up biopsies on patients who initially received a benign diagnosis after exclusion of HGPIN and ASAP.

Benign glandular inclusion in obturator lymph node of a man treated for prostate carcinoma.

Benign glandular inclusions in lymph nodes are extremely rare in men. Their identification is essential because it changes dramatically the prognosis and therapy of neoplasms. Described herein is the first case of benign glandular inclusion in an obturator lymph node dissected during a radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Paratesticular rhabdomyoma.

The fifth case of paratesticular rhabdomyoma is described in a 55-year-old man. The histology revealed a tumor consisting of round or spindle cells, with deeply acidophilic cytoplasm and cross striations. An inguinal resection was performed, and the patient is well with no local recurrence or metastasis 13 months after surgery.

Helicobacter pylori and cagA gene detected by polymerase chain reaction in gastric biopsies: correlation with histological findings, proliferation and apoptosis.

Context And Objective: The virulence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastroduodenal disease is related to pathogenicity islands (cagPAI) present in some strains. Infection with cagPAI induces IL-8 secretion, increases epithelial cell proliferation and may be important in carcinogenesis. Our objective was to detect HP and the cagA gene (cagPAI marker) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to correlate these results to histological findings, epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.

[High resolution chromoendoscopy in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps].

Background: Magnifying colonoscopy brought the possibility of precise histologic diagnosis of colorectal lesions through their surface appearance. Despite the high accuracy of magnifying colonoscopy it is a specialized and expensive equipment not available in most medical centers. Due to these reasons the use of conventional colonoscopy with chromoscopy has been raised because this produce can reproduce most of the information previously obtained by magnifying colonoscopy.