New phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors present airways relaxant activity in a guinea pig acute asthma model.

Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and hyper responsiveness of airways. We aimed to assess the relaxant potential of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors N-sulfonilhidrazonic derivatives on non-asthmatic and asthmatic guinea pig trachea. Firstly, guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, and then morphological, and contractile changes were evaluated resulting from asthma, followed by evaluation of relaxant effect of derivatives on guinea pig trachea and the cAMP levels measurement by ELISA.

A review of the pathophysiology and the role of ion channels on bronchial asthma.

Asthma is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases and affects a huge portion of the population. It is a multifactorial disease, classified into several phenotypes, being the allergic the most frequent. The pathophysiological mechanism of asthma involves a Th2-type immune response, with high concentrations of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, eosinophilia, hyperreactivity and airway remodeling.

Supplementation with Prevents Damage to Rat Erections in a Model of Erectile Dysfunction Promoted by Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Obesity.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction. Currently, many patients do not respond to the pharmacotherapy. The effects of a supplementation with , were evaluated in a model of ED induced by hypercaloric diet consumption.

Erectile Dysfunction: Key Role of Cavernous Smooth Muscle Cells.

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly affecting men, from the elderly to young adults, being a sexual disorder related to the inability to generate or maintain a penile erection. This disorder is related to psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, to organic factors such as the presence of preexisting conditions like hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The pathophysiology of the disease is related to changes in the neurotransmission of the autonomic or the non-cholinergic non-adrenergic nervous system, as well as the release of local mediators, such as thromboxane A and endothelin, and hormonal action.

Functional and morphologic dysfunctions in the airways of rats submitted to an experimental model of obesity-exacerbated asthma.

The obesity-exacerbated asthma phenotype is characterized by more severe asthma symptoms and glucocorticoid resistance. The aim of this study was to standardize an obesity-exacerbated asthma model by a high glycemic level index (HGLI) diet and ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into groups: control (Ctrl), obese (Ob), asthmatic (Asth), obese asthmatic (Ob + Asth) and obese asthmatic treated with dexamethasone (Ob + Asth + Dexa), and in vivo and in vitro functional and morphological parameters were measured.

Uncovering the Role of Oxidative Imbalance in the Development and Progression of Bronchial Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways related to epithelial damage, bronchial hyperresponsiveness to contractile agents, tissue remodeling, and luminal narrowing. Currently, there are many data about the pathophysiology of asthma; however, a new aspect has emerged related to the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) on the origin of this disease. Several studies have shown that an imbalance between the production of ROS and RNS and the antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation Prevents Airway Hyperreactivity of Guinea Pigs with Chronic Allergic Lung Inflammation by Antioxidant Mechanism.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by immune cell infiltrates, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and declining lung function. Thus, the possible effects of virgin coconut oil on a chronic allergic lung inflammation model were evaluated. Morphology of lung and airway tissue exhibited peribronchial inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial hyperplasia, and smooth muscle thickening in guinea pigs submitted to ovalbumin sensitization, which were prevented by virgin coconut oil supplementation.

Metabolomic fingerprinting of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler leaf extract and correlation with its spasmolytic activity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler (Menispermaceae) is popularly used in northeastern Brazil for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma. Despite many pre-clinical pharmacological studies, the compounds mediating the anti-asthma activity of polar extracts of Cissampelos sympodialis leaves have not been definitively identified.

Aim Of The Study: Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the bioactivity of polar extracts prepared from the leaves of C.

Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum.

The blue alga has presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence of supplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses.

Essential oil from Cham. modulates nitric oxide pathway and calcium influx to exert a tocolytic effect in rat uterus.

The essential oil of (LM-OE) presents several pharmacological activities. This work evaluates the tocolytic effect of LM-OE on rats. LM-OE inhibited phasic contractions and relaxed tonic contractions on rat uterus.

A Guinea Pig Model of Airway Smooth Muscle Hyperreactivity Induced by Chronic Allergic Lung Inflammation: Contribution of Epithelium and Oxidative Stress.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of the airways characterized by chronic inflammation associated with bronchial and smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness. Currently, different murine models for the study of asthma show poor bronchial hyperresponsiveness due to a scarcity of smooth muscle and large airways, resulting in a failure to reproduce smooth muscle hyperreactivity. Thus, we aimed to standardize a guinea pig model of chronic allergic lung inflammation mimicking airway smooth muscle hyperreactivity observed in asthmatics (Asth).

Tocolytic action and underlying mechanism of galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether on rat uterus.

Background: Galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) is a flavonoid isolated from aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulacea. Previously, FGAL was shown to inhibit both carbachol- and oxytocin-induced phasic contractions in the rat uterus, which was more potent with oxytocin. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the tocolytic action mechanism of FGAL on the rat uterus.

Ion Channels in Obesity: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease related to metabolic disorders and associated with genetic determinants. Currently, ion channels activity has been linked to many of these disorders, in addition to the central regulation of food intake, energetic balance, hormone release and response, as well as the adipocyte cell proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to review the current knowledge about the influence of ion channels in obesity development.

Acute Aerobic Swimming Exercise Induces Distinct Effects in the Contractile Reactivity of Rat Ileum to KCl and Carbachol.

Aerobic exercise promotes short-term physiological changes in the intestinal smooth muscle associated to the ischemia-reperfusion process; however, few studies have demonstrated its effect on the intestinal contractile function. Thus, this work describes our observations regarding the influence of acute aerobic swimming exercise in the contractile reactivity, oxidative stress, and morphology of rat ileum. Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED) and acutely exercised (EX-AC) groups.

Flavonoid galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether attenuates guinea pig ileum contraction through K(+) channel activation and decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration.

Flavonoid galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) has been isolated from the aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulaceae and has shown a spasmolytic effect in guinea pig ileum. Thus, we aimed to characterize its relaxant mechanism of action. FGAL exhibited a higher relaxant effect on ileum pre-contracted by histamine (EC50=1.

Chronic aerobic swimming exercise promotes functional and morphological changes in rat ileum.

Several studies have reported the gastrointestinal (GI) effects promoted by the physical exercise. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of swimming exercise on the contractile reactivity, lipid peroxidation and morphology of rat ileum. Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED) and groups exercised for two (EX2), four (EX4), six (EX6) or eight (EX8) weeks, 5 days/week.

Essential oil from Xylopia frutescens Aubl. reduces cytosolic calcium levels on guinea pig ileum: mechanism underlying its spasmolytic potential.

Background: Xylopia frutescens Aubl. (embira, semente-de-embira or embira-vermelha), is used in folk medicine as antidiarrheal. The essential oil from its leaves (XF-EO) has been found to cause smooth muscle relaxation.

Toxicological, Antidiarrheal and Spasmolytic Activities of Solanum paniculatum.

Solanum paniculatum is popularly known as "jurubeba-verdadeira". In folk medicine, its roots, stems, and leaves are used as tonics, anti-inflammatories, carminatives, diuretics, and for gastrointestinal disorders. This species is listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and belongs to the "Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS".

Mechanisms underlying the relaxant effect of Galetin 3,6- dimethyl ether, from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, on guinea-pig trachea.

Galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL), a flavonoid from the aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, was found to exert a relaxant effect on carbachol (CCh)-pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea. Based on cumulative concentration-response curves to CCh, FGAL antagonized muscarinic receptors pseudo-irreversibly and noncompetitively, since it inhibited and shifted these curves towards higher concentrations in a nonparallel manner.

Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxation induced in rat aorta by galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether, a flavonoid from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke.

In this study, we investigated the relaxant action of galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) on rat aorta. The flavonoid relaxed both PMA‑ and phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions (pD2 = 5.36 ± 0.

Spasmolytic effect of galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether, a flavonoid obtained from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke.

Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke is a tree of the Caatinga, in Northeast Brazil, popularly known as "Jurema-branca", "Jurema malícia-da-serra", "Carcará" and "Calumbi". In folk medicine, a decoction or tincture of its bark and leaves are used to treat wounds and as healing agents. Galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) is a flavonoid isolated from the aerial components of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke.