Assessing body composition in rugby players: agreement between different methods and association with physical performance.

Background: This study investigated the comparability between air displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods for body composition assessment and their correlations with physical performance in rugby players.

Methods: Nineteen male elite players participated in the study. ADP, DXA, and BIA were used to assess fat-mass and fat-free mass.

The effects of block training on pacing during 20-km cycling time trial.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of block training (BL) on pacing during a 20-km hilly cycling time trial (TT) in trained cyclists. Twenty male cyclists were separated into 2 groups: control and BL. The training of each cyclist was monitored during a period of 3 weeks.

Physiological Responses During the Time Limit at 100% of the Peak Velocity in the Carminatti's Test in Futsal Players.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during the time limit at the intensity of the peak velocity of the Carminatti's test (T-CAR). Ten professional futsal players (age, 27.4 ± 5.

The peak velocity derived from the Carminatti Test is related to physical match performance in young soccer players.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the peak velocity derived from the Carminatti Test (T-CAR) (PV) and physical match performance in young soccer players. Thirty-three youth soccer players were recruited from 2 non-professional clubs. Friendly matches and small-sided game were performed.

Are the oxygen uptake and heart rate off-kinetics influenced by the intensity of prior exercise?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prior exercise on the heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) off-kinetics after a subsequent high-intensity running exercise. Thirteen male futsal players (age 22.8±6.

Validity and Reliability of the PowerCal Device for Estimating Power Output During Cycling Time Trials.

Costa, VP, Guglielmo, LGA, and Paton, CD. Validity and reliability of the PowerCal device for estimating power output during cycling time trials. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 227-232, 2017-This study assessed the validity and reproducibility of the PowerCal device for estimating power output (PO) during cycling hilly time trials (TTs).

Repeated sprint ability in soccer players: associations with physiological and neuromuscular factors.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between repeated sprint ability (RSA, 6×40 m [20+20 m] with 20-s recovery) and neuromuscular and aerobic fitness variables in male collegiate soccer players.

Methods: Twenty-six players (age 22.5±3.

The V[Combining Dot Above]O2 Kinetics of Maximal and Supramaximal Running Exercises in Sprinters and Middle-Distance Runners.

do Nascimento Salvador, PC, Dal Pupo, J, De Lucas, RD, de Aguiar, RA, Arins, FB, and Guglielmo, LGA. The V[Combining Dot Above]O2 kinetics of maximal and supramaximal running exercises in sprinters and middle-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2857-2863, 2016-The aim of this study was to compare the V[Combining Dot Above]O2 kinetics parameters during maximal and supramaximal running exercises in sprinters (SPR) and middle-distance runners (MDR).

Rate of utilization of a given fraction of W' (the curvature constant of the power-duration relationship) does not affect fatigue during severe-intensity exercise.

What is the central question of this study? Does the rate of utilization of W' (the curvature constant of the power-duration relationship) affect fatigue during severe-intensity exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? The magnitude of fatigue after two severe-intensity exercises designed to deplete the same fraction of W' (70%) at two different rates of utilization (fast versus slow) was similar after both exercises. Moreover, the magnitude of fatigue was related to critical power (CP), supporting the contention that CP is a key determinant in fatigue development during high-intensity exercise. Thus, the CP model is a suitable approach to investigate fatigue mechanisms during high-intensity exercise.

Exercise Tolerance Can Be Enhanced through a Change in Work Rate within the Severe Intensity Domain: Work above Critical Power Is Not Constant.

Introduction: The characterization of the hyperbolic power-time (P-tlim) relationship using a two-parameter model implies that exercise tolerance above the asymptote (Critical Power; CP), i.e. within the severe intensity domain, is determined by the curvature (W') of the relationship.

Maximal power output during incremental cycling test is dependent on the curvature constant of the power-time relationship.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the maximal power output (Pmax) during an incremental test was dependent on the curvature constant (W') of the power-time relationship. Thirty healthy male subjects (maximal oxygen uptake = 3.58 ± 0.

Caffeine Affects Time to Exhaustion and Substrate Oxidation during Cycling at Maximal Lactate Steady State.

This study analyzed the effects of caffeine intake on whole-body substrate metabolism and exercise tolerance during cycling by using a more individualized intensity for merging the subjects into homogeneous metabolic responses (the workload associated with the maximal lactate steady state-MLSS). MLSS was firstly determined in eight active males (25 ± 4 years, 176 ± 7 cm, 77 ± 11 kg) using from two to four constant-load tests of 30 min. On two following occasions, participants performed a test until exhaustion at the MLSS workload 1 h after taking either 6 mg/kg of body mass of caffeine or placebo (dextrose), in a randomized, double-blinded manner.

Physiological, anthropometric, strength, and muscle power characteristics correlates with running performance in young runners.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physiological, anthropometric, strength, and muscle power variables and a 5-km time trial (5kmT) in young runners. Twenty-three runners volunteered to participate in this study. Height, body mass, body fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured.

The effect of two generic aerobic interval training methods on laboratory and field test performance in soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 generic aerobic training models, based on peak running velocity in Carminatti's test (PVT-CAR) in U-20 elite soccer players. Seventeen soccer players (age: 17.9 ± 1.

Effects of a seven day overload-period of high-intensity training on performance and physiology of competitive cyclists.

Objectives: Competitive endurance athletes commonly undertake periods of overload training in the weeks prior to major competitions. This investigation examined the effects of two seven-day high-intensity overload training regimes (HIT) on performance and physiological characteristics of competitive cyclists.

Design: The study was a matched groups, controlled trial.

The effect of prior exercise intensity on oxygen uptake kinetics during high-intensity running exercise in trained subjects.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different kinds of prior exercise protocols [continuous exercise (CE) versus intermittent repeated sprint (IRS)] on oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics parameters during high-intensity running.

Methods: Thirteen male amateur futsal players (age 22.8 ± 6.

Test-retest reliability of second lactate turnpoint using two different criteria in competitive cyclists.

The aim of this study was to determine the relative and absolute reliability of second lactate turnpoint using fixed and individual blood lactate method in competitive cyclists. Twenty-eight male, well-trained cyclists (30.2 ± 10.

Reliability and validity of the Carminatti's test for aerobic fitness in youth soccer players.

In this study, we examined the reliability and validity of peak velocity determined using the Carminatti's test (PVT-CAR) to evaluate the aerobic fitness of young soccer players (age = 13.4 ± 1.2 years; range, 10.

Time to exhaustion at continuous and intermittent maximal lactate steady state during running exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the time to exhaustion (TE) and the physiological responses at continuous and intermittent (ratio 5:1) maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in well-trained runners. Ten athletes (32.7 ± 6.

Intermittent versus Continuous Incremental Field Tests: Are Maximal Variables Interchangeable?

The aim of the present study was to compare physiological responses derived from an incremental progressive field test with a constant speed test i.e. intermittent versus continuous protocol.

Test-retest reliability of a 3-min isokinetic all-out test using two different cadences.

Objectives: To investigate the test-retest reliability of mechanical parameters derived from a 3-min isokinetic all-out test, performed at 60 and 100 rpm. Reliability and validity of the peak oxygen uptake derived from 3-min isokinetic all-out test were also tested.

Design: 14 healthy male subjects completed an incremental ramp testing and four randomized 3-min isokinetic all-out test (two at 60 rpm and two at 100 rpm).

Continuous and intermittent running to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state: neuromuscular, biochemical and endocrinal responses.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize the neuromuscular, biochemical, and endocrinal responses from a running to exhaustion mode at the maximal lactate steady state intensity during continuous and intermittent protocols.

Design: Pre-post test measures.

Methods: Twelve athletes performed an incremental treadmill test, several constant speed tests to determine the maximal lactate steady state at continuous and intermittent (5:1 ratio) models and two randomized tests until exhaustion at such intensities.

Time to exhaustion at intermittent maximal lactate steady state is longer than continuous cycling exercise.

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) represents a submaximal intensity that may be important in prescribing both continuous and interval endurance training. This study compared time to exhaustion (TTE) at MLSS in continuous and intermittent (i.e.

Is the critical running speed related to the intermittent maximal lactate steady state?

The purpose of the present study was to compare the critical speed (CS) with the speed at the maximal lactate steady state (vMLSS) determined by a continuous and an intermittent model in trained runners. Eight male endurance runners (30.3 ± 10.