Background: Currently, persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been related in some geographic regions as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It results in the immunoexpression of the p16 protein, which has been used as marker of the oncogenic lineage by this etiological agent.
Aim: To correlate epidemiological aspects of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the prevalence of HPV infection.