Evaluation of the Participation of Brazilian Women in Research in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine.

Background: Despite recent advancements, women still encounter significant challenges in various fields, including dentistry. However, the increasing interest in female participation in science acknowledges its fundamental role in the advancement of knowledge. This study aims to assess indicators of women's involvement in Brazilian research in the areas of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine.

Nanomolar activity of coumarin-3-thiosemicarbazones targeting Trypanosoma cruzi cruzain and the T. brucei cathepsin L-like protease.

Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) urgently demand innovative drug development due to their impact on public health worldwide.

Exploring Bioinformatics Solutions for Improved Leishmaniasis Diagnostic Tools: A Review.

Significant populations in tropical and sub-tropical locations all over the world are severely impacted by a group of neglected tropical diseases called leishmaniases. This disease is caused by roughly 20 species of the protozoan parasite from the genus. Disease prevention strategies that include early detection, vector control, treatment of affected individuals, and vaccination are all essential.

Localized three-photon upconversion enhancement in silver nanowire networks and its effect in thermal sensing.

The quest for enhancing the upconversion luminescence (UCL) efficiency of rare-earth doped materials has been a common target in nanophotonics research. Plasmonic nanoarchitectures have proven potential for amplifying UCL signals, prompting investigations into localized enhancement effects within noble metal nanostructures. In this work we investigate the localized enhancement of UCL in silver nanowire (AgNW) networks coated with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by employing hyperspectral microscopy to unveil distinctive regions of local enhancement.

Rafoxanide negatively modulates STAT3 and NF-κB activity and inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis.

In the colorectal cancer (CRC) niche, the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are hyperactivated in both malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and cooperate to maintain cancer cell proliferation/survival and drive protumor inflammation. Through drug repositioning studies, the anthelmintic drug rafoxanide has recently emerged as a potent and selective antitumor molecule for different types of cancer, including CRC. Here, we investigate whether rafoxanide could negatively modulate STAT3/NF-κB and inflammation-associated CRC.

Evaluation of Thiazolidine Derivatives with Potential Anti-ZIKV Activity.

Objective: In this study, we have synthesized 19 Thiazolidine (TZD) derivatives to investigate their potential anti-ZIKV effects.

Methods: Nineteen thiazolidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against the ZIKA virus.

Results: Among them, six demonstrated remarkable selectivity against the ZIKV virus, exhibiting IC50 values of <5μM, and the other compounds did not demonstrate selectivity for the virus.

Advancements in addressing drug dependence: A review of promising therapeutic strategies and interventions.

Substance dependence represents a pervasive global concern within the realm of public health. Presently, it is delineated as a persistent and recurrent neurological disorder stemming from drug-triggered neuroadaptations in the brain's reward circuitry. Despite the availability of various therapeutic modalities, there has been a steady escalation in the mortality rate attributed to drug overdoses.

Polymeric Nanocapsules Loaded with Lidocaine: A Promising Formulation for Topical Dental Anesthesia.

Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic worldwide, known for its rapid onset and moderate duration of anesthesia. However, it is short-lived and does not effectively promote effective topical anesthesia in the oral cavity when used alone. Our aim was to investigate whether an approximate 50% encapsulation of lidocaine in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (LDC-Nano) would be able to increase its permeation and analgesic efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity.

Comparative Study of Colorimetric In Situ Hybridization and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Infection by in Dogs in Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Skin.

The zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan and dogs are reservoirs for this parasite. For the diagnosis of at the species level in dogs in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin (FFPES) samples, colorimetric in situ hybridization (CISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are options, but their sensitivities are not well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of these two techniques in FFPES for the diagnosis of the infection in dogs using culture as the reference standard.

Factors influencing pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and embryonic mortality in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI in Brazil.

A greater understanding of factors influencing fertility is essential to improve pregnancy rates and reduce the occurrence of embryonic mortality in beef herds. The objective of the current study was to evaluate retrospective data of pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI (TAI) in Brazil. Data from 40,104 TAI collected from six breeding seasons (2016-2022) were analyzed, and the effects of animal category (e.

Trypanosoma cruzi killing and immune response boosting by novel phenoxyhydrazine-thiazole against Chagas disease.

Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) causes Chagas, which is a neglected tropical disease (NTD). WHO estimates that 6 to 7 million people are infected worldwide.

Superficial ulnar artery diagnosed by vascular ultrasound: case report.

The largest branch of the terminal division of the brachial artery is the ulnar artery, which arises after the cubital fossa. This artery usually has a deep path in the muscles of the anterior forearm and is responsible for vascularization of the superficial and deep musculature on the ulnar side of the forearm and hypothenar area of the hand. We report an anatomical variant diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound in which the ulnar artery had a superficial position in the forearm.

Reducing citrus effluent toxicity: Biological-electrochemical treatment with diamond anode.

One challenge of the citrus industry is the treatment and disposal of its effluents due to their high toxicity, substantial organic load, and consequent resistance to conventional biotechnological processes. This study introduces a novel approach, using electrochemical oxidation with a boron-doped diamond anode to efficiently remove organic compounds from biodegraded pulp wash (treated using the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju.) The findings reveal that employing a current density of 20 mA cm achieves notable results, including a 44.

Empathic Care of Neonates: A Critical Literature Review.

Clinical empathy is a multidimensional ability to feel the patient's suffering, branched into components such as cognitive, emotional, and action, which results in benefits for patients, parents, health professionals, medical students, and others. The authors performed a critical review of the literature about empathy in neonatal care, in 2 databases, and analyzed the co-occurrence of keywords in the last 10 years. Nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis.

Validity and reliability of portable A-mode ultrasound in measuring body fat percentage: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The present Systematic Review with Meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Portable A-mode Ultrasound (P-US) for measuring body fat percentage (BF%). Only studies with participants of both genders which had assessed BF% using P-US compared to the reference standard were selected. Publications up until May 31, 2022 were searched in the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, SPORT Discus, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases.

Molecular diagnosis of opportunistic infections in the central nervous system of HIV-infected adults in Manaus, Amazonas.

Background: Opportunistic infections in the central nervous system (CNS) of people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited scenarios. Diagnosing these infections can be challenging, as brain imaging is non-specific and expensive. Therefore, molecular analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may offer a more accurate and affordable method for diagnosing pathogens.

Special Issue "Drug Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases".

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic idiopathic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing significant morbidity and loss of quality of life in affected individuals [...

Correction: Frequency of co-seropositivities for certain pathogens and their relationship with clinical and histopathological changes and parasite load in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

TRAIL-Sensitizing Effects of Flavonoids in Cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a promising anticancer agent, as it selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells without altering the cellular machinery of healthy cells. Unfortunately, the presence of TRAIL resistance mechanisms in a variety of cancer types represents a major hurdle, thus limiting the use of TRAIL as a single agent. Accumulating studies have shown that TRAIL-mediated apoptosis can be facilitated in resistant tumors by combined treatment with antitumor agents, ranging from synthetic molecules to natural products.

Thermosensitive polymer-assisted extraction and purification of fungal laccase from citrus pulp wash effluent.

Background: This study explores the use of liquid-liquid extraction with thermosensitive polymers for producing laccase (Lac) from Pleurotus sajor-caju. This process leverages liquid waste from the citrus industry, specifically pulp wash. The research delves into extractive fermentation and thermoseparation, both processes being facilitated by a polymer exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature transition.

Microneedles for oral mucosal delivery - Current trends and perspective on future directions.

Introduction: Oral cavity drug and vaccine delivery has the potential for local targeting, dose reduction, minimization of systemic side effects, and generation of mucosal immunity. To overcome current limitations of delivery into the oral cavity mucosa, microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a promising technology.

Areas Covered: We reviewed the literature on MN application in the oral cavity, including in vitro studies, in vivo animal studies, and human clinical trials.

Inflammatory Profile Associated with Secondary Infection from Snakebites in the Brazilian Amazon.

snakebite envenomation (SBE) is consider an important health problem in Brazil, where is mainly responsible in the Brazilian Amazon. Local effects represent a relevant clinical issue, in which inflammatory signs and symptoms in the bite site represent a potential risk for short and long-term disabilities. Among local complications, secondary infections (SIs) are a common clinical finding during SBE and are described by the appearance of signs such as abscess, cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis in the affected site.

The conventional diagnosis challenge: Real-time PCR and nested PCR correlation with the scoring system for individuals at high-risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that affects mainly people living with HIV (CD4 cell count lower than 200 cells/ml) and other immunosuppressed patients. Since P. jirovecii does not grow on routine mycological media, diagnosis of P.