Improving the neuromuscular fitness of patients with type 2 diabetes by aquatic exercise training - The Diabetes and Aquatic Training Study (DATS 3): a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To compare the effects of aquatic aerobic and combined training on neuromuscular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic aquatic training (AERO), a combined aquatic training (COMBI) or a procedure control (CON) three weekly for 15 weeks. The sessions were 50 minutes long.

A comparison of the internal and external load demands imposed on professional soccer referees in FIFA's current model of physical test in relation to games.

Background: Based on the need to investigate the demands imposed on referees in the current model of physical evaluation and during professional games, this study's objective was to compare these demands in the physical test versus the games.

Methods: Thus, it evaluated the heart rate, distance covered, time, and speed of all 14 referees in the physical test and during Brazil's first division state championship games using a Global Positioning System enabled heart rate monitor.

Results: The maximum heart rate (HRmax) and maximum speed were higher in the physical test (183.

Oxygen consumption during concurrent training: influence of intra-session exercise sequence and aerobic exercise modality.

To compare the acute effects of different intra-session exercise sequences and aerobic exercise modalities during concurrent training sessions on oxygen consumption (VO) and energy expenditure (EE) in young women. Eleven young women volunteered to participate in this study and underwent tests of their dynamic strength and a maximal incremental test on both the treadmill and cycle ergometer. Four concurrent training sessions were performed: resistance-running (RRu), resistance-cycling (RC), running-resistance (RuR) and cycling-resistance (CR).

Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Muscle power is a strong predictor of functional status in the elderly population and is required to perform different daily activities. To compare the effects of different weekly training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality induced by concurrent training (resistance + aerobic) in previously trained elderly men. Twenty-four trained elderly men (65 ± 4 years), previously engaged in a regular concurrent training program, three times per week, for the previous five months, were randomly allocated to concurrent training programs in which training was performed either twice a week (2·week, n = 12) or three times per week (3·week, n = 12).

Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training on insulin resistance markers in overweight or obese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the associations of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise with changes in insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese.

Data Searches: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane-CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, and LILACS.

Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials of at least six weeks of duration that evaluated the ability of exercise training to lower at least one of the following outcomes: insulin resistance-HOMA, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin in children and/or adolescents classified as obese or overweight.

Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to verify the effect of aerobic exercise performed in the fasted v. fed states on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults. Searches were conducted in March 2015, and updated in July 2016, using PubMed®, Scopus and Cochrane databases (terms: 'fasting', 'exercise', 'aerobic exercise', 'substrate', 'energy metabolism', 'fat', 'glucose', 'insulin' and 'adult') and references from selected studies.

Glycemic reductions following water- and land-based exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To assess the acute glucose responses to the first sessions of three mesocycles of water- and land-based aerobic exercise.

Methods: The water-based exercise group (WBE, n = 14; 54.1 ± 9.

Effect of traditional resistance and power training using rated perceived exertion for enhancement of muscle strength, power, and functional performance.

The present study compared the effects of 12 weeks of traditional resistance training and power training using rated perceived exertion (RPE) to determine training intensity on improvements in strength, muscle power, and ability to perform functional task in older women. Thirty healthy elderly women (60-75 years) were randomly assigned to traditional resistance training group (TRT; n = 15) or power training group (PT; n = 15). Participants trained twice a week for 12 weeks using six exercises.

Continuous and interval training programs using deep water running improves functional fitness and blood pressure in the older adults.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two periodized training programs of deep water running on functional fitness and blood pressure in the older adults. Thirty-six individuals were divided into continuous group (CONT) and interval group (INT). Both groups were trained for 28 weeks (twice weekly).

Rating of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Responses in Water-Based Exercise.

The aim of the present study was to relate the overall rating of perceived exertion (RPE-overall) with cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular variables during stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension performed with water-floating equipment. The sample consisted of eleven women that performed the water-based exercise at submaximal cadences. The heart rate, oxygen uptake, ventilation, and electromyographic signal (EMG) from biceps brachii (%EMG BB), triceps brachii (%EMG TB), biceps femoris (%EMG BF) and rectus femoris (%EMG RF) muscles were measured during the exercise, and the overall RPE was measured immediately following its completion.

Kinesiological Analysis of Stationary Running Performed in Aquatic and Dry Land Environments.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) signals of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and short head of the biceps femoris (BF) during the performance of stationary running at different intensities in aquatic and dry land environments. The sample consisted of 12 female volunteers who performed the stationary running exercise in aquatic and dry land environments at a submaximal cadence (80 beats·min(-1) controlled by a metronome) and at maximal velocity, with EMG signal measurements from the RF, VL, ST and BF muscles. The results showed a distinct pattern between environments for each muscle examined.

Glucose control can be similarly improved after aquatic or dry-land aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of two aerobic training methods in water and on dry-land on glycemic, lipid, inflammatory, hormonal, cardiorespiratory, and functional outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to aquatic aerobic training group (n=17) or dry-land aerobic training group (n=18).

Rating of perceived exertion in maximal incremental tests during head-out water-based aerobic exercises.

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and percentage of peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during three head-out water-based aerobic exercises. In addition, the RPE at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was also compared among them. Twenty young women performed head-out water-based maximal tests for the exercises stationary running (SR), frontal kick (FK) and cross-country skiing (CCS).

Effects of Single Vs. Multiple Sets Water-Based Resistance Training on Maximal Dynamic Strength in Young Men.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of single vs. multiple sets water-based resistance training on maximal dynamic strength in young men. Twenty-one physically active young men were randomly allocated into 2 groups: a single set group (SS, n=10) and a multiple sets group (MS, n=11).

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study.

Purpose: To determine fetal heart rate (FHR) responses to maternal resistance exercise for the upper and lower body at two different volumes, and after 25 minutes post-exercise.

Methods: Ten pregnant women (22-24 weeks gestation, 25.2±4.

Active Female Maximal and Anaerobic Threshold Cardiorespiratory Responses to Six Different Water Aerobics Exercises.

Purpose: Maximal tests conducted on land are not suitable for the prescription of aquatic exercises, which makes it difficult to optimize the intensity of water aerobics classes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the maximal and anaerobic threshold cardiorespiratory responses to 6 water aerobics exercises. Volunteers performed 3 of the exercises in the sagittal plane and 3 in the frontal plane.

Strength training prior to endurance exercise: impact on the neuromuscular system, endurance performance and cardiorespiratory responses.

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of two strength-training protocols on the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory responses during endurance exercise. Thirteen young males (23.2 ± 1.

Effects of two deep water training programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular strength responses in older adults.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two deep water training programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular strength responses in older adults. Thirty-four older adults men were placed into two groups: deep water endurance training (ET; n = 16; 66 ± 4 years) and deep water strength prior to endurance training (concurrent training: CT; n = 18; 64 ± 4 years). The training period lasted 12 weeks, with three sessions a week.

Neuromuscular adaptations to water-based concurrent training in postmenopausal women: effects of intrasession exercise sequence.

This study investigated the effects of different exercise sequences on the neuromuscular adaptations induced by water-based concurrent training in postmenopausal women. Twenty-one healthy postmenopausal women (57.14 ± 2.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and endurance during running in male long-distance runners.

Context: The effect of ibuprofen on pain tolerance during exercise is controversial, and its effects on endurance performance have been poorly investigated.

Objective: To investigate the effect of prophylactic administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen on the time until the self-report of fatigue (tlim) in runners with exercise-induced muscle damage.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Water-Based Concurrent Training Improves Peak Oxygen Uptake, Rate of Force Development, Jump Height, and Neuromuscular Economy in Young Women.

The study investigated the effects of different intrasession exercise sequences on the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular adaptations induced by water-based concurrent training in young subjects. Twenty-six healthy young women (25.1 ± 2.

Vertical ground reaction force responses to different head-out aquatic exercises performed in water and on dry land.

The purpose was to analyse the vertical ground reaction forces (Fz) of head-out aquatic exercises [stationary running (SR), frontal kick (FK), cross-country skiing (CCS), jumping jacks (JJ), adductor hop (ADH) and abductor hop (ABH)] at two cadences in both aquatic and dry land environments. Twelve young women completed two sessions in each environment, each consisting of three exercises performed at two cadences (first and second ventilatory thresholds - C1 and C2, respectively). Two-way and three-way repeated measures analysis of variance were used to the statistical analysis.

Neuromuscular responses of elite skaters during different roller figure skating jumps.

This study aimed to describe the neuromuscular activity of elite athletes who performed various roller figure skating jumps, to determine whether the muscle activation is greater during jumps with more rotations and in which phase the muscles are more active. This study also aimed to analyze if there is any difference in the muscle activity pattern between female and male skaters. Four elite skaters were evaluated, and each participated in two experimental sessions.

Water-based exercise and quality of life in women: the role of depressive symptoms.

Several studieshave evaluated the relation of exercise to quality of life (QoL). To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the relation of water-based exercise to depressive symptoms and QoL, or the association between improvement in QoL and depressive symptoms in healthy women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of water-based exercise with changes in QoL.

Maximal and ventilatory thresholds cardiorespiratory responses to three water aerobic exercises compared with treadmill on land.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory responses of young women to exercise at the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), and at maximum effort (MAX) between maximal incremental tests performed using water aerobic exercises and a treadmill on land (TL). Twenty women (24.0 ± 2.