In the past 20 years infections caused by Mycobacterioides abscessus have become increasingly common in patients with chronic lung conditions. The microorganisms are also resistant to a number of antibiotic classes, making treatment challenging. To begin understanding how the bacterium adapts to the lung environment, pure colonies of M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens ubiquitous in the environment. is a relatively new pathogen associated with underlying lung chronic pathologies, accounting for most of the pulmonary infections linked to the rapidly growing mycobacteria group. This includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are highly prevalent and routinely cause opportunistic intracellular infectious disease in immunocompromised hosts.
Methods: The activity of the triple combination of antibiotics, clarithromycin (CLR), rifabutin (RFB), and clofazimine (CFZ), was evaluated and compared with the activity of single antibiotics as well as with double combinations in an in vitro biofilm assay and an in vivo murine model of subsp. () lung infection.
Tuberculosis, caused by (), remains a significant global health challenge. The survival of in hostile extracellular and intracellular microenvironments is crucial for its pathogenicity. In this study, we discovered a (BCG) mutant B1033 that potentially affected mycobacterium pathogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: is an intracellular, facultative bacterium known to colonize and infect the human host through ingestion or respiratory inhalation. The majority of pulmonary infections occur in association with pre- existing lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. is also acquired by the gastrointestinal route in immunocompromised individuals such as human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 patients leading to disseminated disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is a common environmental bacterium that causes infection in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV/AIDS, or patients with chronic lung disease such as cystic fibrosis. There are many strains of MAH with varying levels of virulence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of environmental pathogens that recently have been isolated more from patients with underlying lung diseases, such and COPD, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases have only recently been investigated. Infection is associated with biofilm formation on the airway mucosa, invasion of the mucosal epithelial cells and a time-dependent impairment of the integrity of the monolayer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOlder individuals are at increased risk of developing severe respiratory infections. However, our understanding of the impact of aging on the respiratory tract remains limited as samples from healthy humans are challenging to obtain and results can be confounded by variables such as smoking and diet. Here, we carry out a comprehensive cross-sectional study (n = 34 adult, n = 49 aged) to define the consequences of aging on the lung using the rhesus macaque model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiology (Reading)
February 2022
Virulent non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTMs) successfully reside and multiply within the phagosomes of phagocytic cells such as monocytes and macrophages. Macrophages play a very important role in the innate clearance of intracellular pathogens including NTMs. Attenuated subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulmonary infections caused by organisms of the complex are increasingly prevalent in populations at risk, such as patients with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and emphysema. infection of the lung is not observed in immunocompetent individuals, which raises the possibility that the compromised lung environment is a suitable niche for the pathogen to thrive in due to the overproduction of mucus and high amounts of host cell lysis. Evaluate the ability of to form biofilm and grow utilizing conditions as seen in immunocompromised lungs of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitously found throughout the environment. NTM can cause respiratory infections in individuals with underlying lung conditions when inhaled, or systemic infections when ingested by patients with impaired immune systems. Current therapies can be ineffective at treating NTM respiratory infections, even after a long course or with multidrug treatment regimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer patients commonly develop infectious complications over the course of the disease. One thousand patients receiving treatment for an oncologic disease at a single veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed for concurrent infections. A total of 153 confirmed bacterial infections were identified, 82 of which were abscesses or wounds, 13 of which were respiratory infections, 3 of which were ear infections, and 55 of which were urinary tract infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial aggregation is a strategy employed by many pathogens to establish infection. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) undergoes a phenotypic change, microaggregation, when exposed to the respiratory epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJohne's disease is a chronic and usually fatal enteric infection of ruminants caused by subspecies (MAP) and is responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in losses for the agricultural industry. Natural infection typically begins with bacterial uptake and translocation through the epithelium of the small intestine, followed by ingestion by tissue macrophages and dissemination via the lymphatic or blood system throughout the body. To gain insights into the host responses and adaptation of MAP within phagocytic cells, we utilized the previously developed cell culture passage model, and mass spectrometric-based quantitative proteomic approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFsubspecies (MAH) is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen causing infections in individuals with chronic lung conditions and patients with immune-deficient disorders. The treatment of MAH infections is prolonged and outcomes many times are suboptimal. The reason for the extended treatment is complex and reflects the inability of current antimicrobials to clear diverse phenotypes of MAH quickly, particularly, the subpopulation of susceptible but drug-tolerant bacilli where the persistent fitness to anti-MAH drugs is stimulated and enhanced by the host environmental stresses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe high prevalence of Johne's disease has driven a continuous effort to more readily understand the pathogenesis of the etiological causative bacterium, subsp. (MAP), and to develop effective preventative measures for infection spread. In this study, we aimed to create an in vivo MAP infection model employing an environmental protozoan host and used it as a tool for selection of bacterial virulence determinants potentially contributing to MAP survival in mammalian host macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFsubsp. (MAH) is a common intracellular pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals and patients with pre-existing chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, who develop chronic and persistent pulmonary infections. The metabolic remodeling of MAH in response to host environmental stresses or within biofilms formed in bronchial airways plays an important role in development of the persistence phenotype contributing to the pathogen's tolerance to antibiotic treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis a human and animal pathogen that infects the host through the mucosal surfaces. Past work has demonstrated that the bacterium can interact with both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Those surfaces in the body are covered by a bilayer of a glycoprotein, mucin, which works as a physical barrier and a gel which contains antibacterial and antivirus properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic precursors, phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and lipomannan (LM) play important roles in the interactions of with phagocytic cells and the modulation of the host immune response, but nothing is currently known of the impact of these cell envelope glycoconjugates on the physiology and pathogenicity of nontuberculous mycobacteria. We here report on the structures of PIM, LM, and LAM. Intriguingly, these structures differ from those reported previously in other mycobacterial species in several respects, including the presence of a methyl substituent on one of the mannosyl residues of PIMs as well as the PIM anchor of LM and LAM, the size and branching pattern of the mannan backbone of LM and LAM, and the modification of the arabinan domain of LAM with both succinyl and acetyl substituents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFsubsp. (MAB) is a clinically important nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) causing pulmonary infection in patients such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. MAB is naturally resistant to the majority of available antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFsubsp. (MAH) belongs to the clinically important non-tuberculous mycobacterial group that infects immunocompromised patients and individuals with underling lung conditions. The need for prolonged therapy is a major challenge of MAH treatment, influencing the development of persistent and drug-resistant infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis
October 2019
Records of all Diagnostic laboratory submissions from 2012 to 2015 were examined and subjected to analysis according to species, location of infection, species of bacteria, and antibiotic resistance/susceptibility. A total of 23.8% of all culture isolates were Staphylococcus sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a highly transmissible infection and remains of great concern as a zoonosis. The worldwide incidence of bTB is in rise, creating potential reservoir and increased infection risk for humans and animals. In attempts to identify novel surface antigens of as a proof-of-concept for potential inducers of protective immunity, we investigated surface proteome of BCG strain that was cultured under the granuloma-like condition.
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