Triponderal Mass Index rather than Body Mass Index in discriminating high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Introduction: body mass index (BMI) is used worldwide to track excess weight; however, it has limitations in predicting body fat percentage (BF%). Triponderal mass index (TMI) has been studied as an alternative indicator to predict BF%.

Objective: to compare BMI and TMI as predictors of BF% and develop TMI cutoff points for screening high adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescentes.

Clinical Evolution of Preschool Picky Eater Children Receiving Oral Nutritional Supplementation during Six Months: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To determine if oral nutritional supplementation of picky eater children has a beneficial effect in addition to nutritional guidance on anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake, appetite, physical activity, and health complications.

Methods: This is a randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial that included Brazilian picky eater children aged 24 to 60 months. The individuals were randomized into a control group (CG) ( = 17) and an intervention group (IG) ( = 18), and were followed up in seven meetings for 180 days (baseline plus one meeting every 30 days).

Anthropometric Indicators of Body Composition Associated With Lipid and Glycemic Profiles in Overweight Brazilian Children and Adolescents From 2008 to 2020.

Background: Anthropometric indicators have been used to predict health problems. The objective was to determine which indicators present better correlation with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and peripheral insulin resistance, as well as the cutoff points capable of predicting lipid and glycemic alterations in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 568 overweight individuals, aged between 5 and 18 years, living in Southeast and South Brazilian regions, submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation by bioimpedance, in addition to fasting laboratory tests [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting glycemia, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)].

Prevalence of childhood anaemia in Brazil: still a serious health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian children up to 83·9 months old.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis, using databases PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, Google Scholar, Periódicos Capes, Arca, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Microsoft Academic Search and Cochrane Library using search terms: anaemia, prevalence, child and Brazil. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020208818.

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review.

Objective: To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences.

Sources: Studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane databases.

Summary Of Findings: Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents; social isolation may lead to increase fat accumulation.

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health.

The offer of the maternal breast to the baby is an unquestionable right of mothers and their children, and all efforts should be made to promote, follow and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and supplement it until the child completes 2 years of age. Many publications are available in the literature about the qualities of breast milk, its benefits and health repercussions, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding and supporting campaigns for its implementation. However, although it is widely known that breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process of women and its practice offers benefits to both mother and child, most of the available information highlights the benefits of breast milk for children, while mention of the effects of breastfeeding on the health of the mother is usually neglected.

Do all infants need vitamin D supplementation?

A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children has been observed worldwide, but there are few studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D (VD) in healthy infants. The main cause of deficiency in healthy children is breastfeeding without supplementation and lack or insufficiency of sun exposure. The aims of this study were to determine serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and verify its association with parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and use of VD supplementation in healthy infants aged ≥ 6 to ≤ 24 months attended at two Primary Health Care Units in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, Brazil.

Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Healthy Term Infants in the First Three Months of Life in Brazil.

Objective: Bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) can be considered a favorable method for evaluation and monitoring of nutritional and hydration status without assumptions regarding body composition or requirement of prediction formulas. The present study aimed to determine bivariate tolerance intervals of the whole-body impedance vector for healthy term infants aged 1 to 3 months.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study.

High Levels of Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 20 in Human Milk and Its Production by Oral Keratinocytes.

Background: Chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues. Although CCL20 is secreted by many normal human tissues, no studies have evaluated the presence of CCL20 in human milk or its production by oral keratinocytes stimulated by human milk.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of CCL20 in breast milk and verify CCL20 secretion in vitro by oral keratinocytes stimulated with human and bovine milk, as well as its possible association with breast milk lactoferrin levels.

Characteristics of sleep habits among adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP).

Introduction: Sleep is an important physiological condition that plays a role in the physical and emotional development of adolescents. The aim of the study is to determine some sleep characteristics of adolescents living in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at 14 schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP) including adolescents aged 10-19 years using a questionnaire about sleep habits.

Bioelectrical Impedance of Vectorial Analysis and Phase Angle in Adolescents.

Objectives: Bioelectrical impedance can be interpreted by vector analysis using direct measures of the impedance vector; thus, collecting information about resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PA) makes it possible to classify an individual's nutritional status. The aim of this study was to investigate these values and construct bioelectrical references for healthy Brazilian adolescents.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 567 healthy adolescents, aged 10 to 18 years.

[Acute urinary retention in a pre-school girl with constipation].

Objective:: To report a case of a preschool girl who developed acute urinary retention associated with constipation.

Case Description:: A girl aged six years old presented a 24 h history of inability to urinate. She was went twice to the emergency room during this period.

Nutritional status of adolescents with cystic fibrosis treated at a reference center in the southeast region of Brazil.

Background: Several factors can interfere with the full physical and emotional growth of adolescents, among them chronic diseases. The aim was to determine the nutritional status of adolescents and to associate it with puberty, pancreatic sufficiency, lung function and age range of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) diagnosis.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study was conducted using the data of medical records.

[Early manifestations of cystic fibrosis in a premature patient with complex meconium ileus at birth].

Objective:: To report a case of a preterm infant with complex meconium ileus at birth and cystic fibrosis.

Case Description:: A male infant was born by vaginal delivery at 33 weeks and 5 days of gestational age with respiratory distress and severe abdominal distension. The exploratory laparotomy in the first day of life identified meconium ileus and secondary peritonitis.

Zinc serum levels and their association with vitamin A deficiency in preschool children.

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of zinc deficiency in a population with high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency; to verify whether zinc deficiency is associated with vitamin A deficiency in the population studied; to verify risk factors for zinc deficiency (sex, age, diarrhea and fever).

Method: Cross-sectional study of 182 healthy children aged > or = 24 months and < 72 months. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from fasting children to determine zinc serum levels.

Effect of fortification of drinking water with iron plus ascorbic acid or with ascorbic acid alone on hemoglobin values and anthropometric indicators in preschool children in day-care centers in Southeast Brazil.

Background: Iron-deficiency anemia currently is the most frequently occurring nutritional disorder world-wide. Previous Brazilian studies have demonstrated that drinking water fortified with iron and ascorbic acid is an adequate vehicle for improving the iron supply for children frequenting day-care centers.

Objective: The objective of this study was to clarify the role of ascorbic acid as a vehicle for improving iron intake in children in day-care centers in Brazil.

[Prevalence of iron deficiency and its association with vitamin A deficiency in preschool children].

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of iron deficiency in the population studied, as well as verifying if such deprivation is associated with vitamin A deficiency.

Methods: One hundred seventy-nine children, > or = 24 months and < 72 months of age, with no diarrhea and/or fever at collection were studied. Vitamin A deficiency identification was carried out through serum 30-day dose-response test.

[Promotion of breastfeeding: the importance of pediatricians with specific training].

Objective: To study the factors involved in the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding in healthy infants during the first 4 months of life, with emphasis on the role of pediatricians.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out with 101 healthy term babies at a pediatrics outpatient clinic in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The babies were divided at random into three groups: G1, receiving advice from a multiprofessional breastfeeding team; G2, receiving advice from a pediatrician trained in breastfeeding; and G3, receiving advice from a pediatrician with no breastfeeding training.

[Prevalence of chronic constipation in children at a primary health care unit].

Objective: To study the frequency of chronic constipation in childhood at a Primary Health Care Unit and to observe its characteristics in this population.

Methods: The sample consisted of 313 children aged between one and 10 years treated at the Centro de Saúde Escola, in the district of Tibério, in the town of Ribeirão Preto. Among these, 84 children with chronic constipation were selected.

[Assessment of mid-upper arm circumference as a method for obesity screening in preschool children].

Objective: To evaluate if mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used for obesity screening in preschool children.

Methods: 1,090 children aged from 12 to 59.99 months were studied.