Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with ring chromosomal 15 by two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography.

We report on a prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15 in a fetus with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A 31-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, was referred because of increased nuchal translucency at gestational age of 13 weeks. Comprehensive fetal ultrasound examination was performed at 19 weeks revealing an early onset IUGR, left CDH with liver herniation, and hypoplastic nasal bone.

Reference ranges for 2-dimensional sonographic lung measurements in healthy fetuses: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for 2-dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal lungs from longitudinal data.

Methods: A total of 214 fetal lung measurements were longitudinally evaluated in 62 healthy fetuses between 20 and 36 weeks' menstrual age. Both right and left lung areas were measured in the heart 4-chamber view using lung area tracing and axis diameter methods.

Influence of second-trimester ultrasound markers for Down syndrome in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of second-trimester ultrasound markers on the incidence of Down syndrome among pregnant women of advanced maternal age. This was a retrospective cohort study on 889 singleton pregnancies between the 14th and 30th weeks, with maternal age ≥ 35 years, which would undergo genetic amniocentesis. The second-trimester ultrasound assessed the following markers: increased nuchal fold thickness, cardiac hyperechogenic focus, mild ventriculomegaly, choroid plexus cysts, uni- or bilateral renal pyelectasis, intestinal hyperechogenicity, single umbilical artery, short femur and humerus length, hand/foot alterations, structural fetal malformation, and congenital heart disease.

Assessment of free fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma during the first trimester of pregnancy: comparative study between EDTA and PPT tubes - pilot study.

Objective: To compare ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes and plasma preparation tubes (PPT) for evaluating maternal plasma during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 male fetuses in women between 6 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected and stored in EDTA and PPT tubes.

Prenatal diagnosis of treacher-collins syndrome using three-dimensional ultrasonography and differential diagnosis with other acrofacial dysostosis syndromes.

Treacher-Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare dominant autosomal anomaly resulting from malformation or disruption of the development of the first and second branchial arches. It is characterized by micrognathia, malar hypoplasia, and malformations of the eyes and ears. The prenatal diagnosis using two-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) is characterized by identification of facial malformations together with polyhydramnios.

Prenatal diagnosis of a large epignathus teratoma using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound: correlation with pathological findings.

Epignathus teratomas are rare tumors that originate in the region of the palate or pharynx and are known as Rathke pouch. They may be associated with other malformations such as a cleft palate and bifid tongue or nose. The prenatal diagnosis can be established by two-dimensional ultrasonography showing a heterogeneous mass protruding through the mouth of the fetus.

Comparison of Fetal Nuchal Fold Thickness Measurements by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography (3DXI Multislice View).

Purpose. To compare the measurements of fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickness by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using the three-dimensional extended imaging (3DXI). Methods.

New anatomical landmarks to study the relationship between fetal lung area and thoracic circumference by three-dimensional ultrasonography.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between total lung area (TLA) and thoracic circumference (TC) ratio by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography applying new anatomical landmarks as the fetal aorta and inferior angle of the scapula.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted with 56 uncomplicated pregnancies between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. Polynomial regressions were used to evaluate the correlation between TC and gestational age (GA) as well as TC and estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Assessment of placental blood flow between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation by 3D-sonography power Doppler vascular indices.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the vascular flow in different parts of the placenta of normal pregnant women between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation through three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography (3D power Doppler) vascular indices.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 55 normal pregnant women with gestational ages between 22 and 34 weeks. The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were obtained using the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) method both in the region of placental cord insertion and the peripheral region of the placenta.

Fetal lung volume: comparison by 2D- and 3D-sonography in normal fetuses.

Purpose: To compare two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D US) and three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D US) in the assessment of normal fetal lung volume.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 50 normal pregnancies at 24-32 weeks' gestation. The following equations were used for lung volume calculation by 2D US: Eq(2D1) = 4.

Reference range of fetal lung volume by 3D-ultrasonography using the rotational method (VOCAL).

Aim: To determine reference ranges for fetal lung volume by 3-dimensional ultrasonography using the VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computed-aided Analysis) method.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted with 61 uncomplicated pregnancies between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. A separate measurement of both lungs volume was conducted by VOCAL with 30 degrees rotation angle.