Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a tiny mediastinal parathyroid adenoma with non-localising imaging studies.

Variations in parathyroid gland positions often cause failure in initial parathyroid adenoma surgery, especially when imaging fails to localise the adenoma. This report describes a female patient with primary hyperparathyroidism for which preoperative localisation studies did not determine the position of the hyperfunctioning gland. The initial approach with bilateral cervical exploration and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring was performed unsuccessfully.

Peritumoral infiltrate in the prognosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Introduction: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity present deficits in their cellular immunity that contribute to neoplastic growth. Thus, the inflammatory activity, such as the immunological response to the tumor, can be used as a prognostic factor.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between peritumoral inflammation and clinical characteristics of the patients, survival, and the disease-free interval.

Fluorescence lifetime of normal, benign, and malignant thyroid tissues.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the standard technique to diagnose thyroid pathologies. However, this method results in a high percentage of inconclusive and false negatives. The use of time-resolved fluorescence techniques to detect biochemical composition and tissue structure alterations could help to develop a portable, minimally invasive, and nondestructive method to assist during surgical procedures.

Management of neck metastases in T2N0 lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Prophylactic neck dissection (PND) is indicated when the chance of occult lymph node metastases from head and neck tumors is significant. There is no consensus regarding which tumor size PND would be indicated in cases of lip cancer.

Methods: A total of 139 patients with surgically treated lip cancer were selected.

Expression of calcium binding protein S100 A7 (psoriasin) in laryngeal carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Many studies have reported increased expression of S100 A7 (psoriasin) in neoplastic lesions. Among them are studies on breast carcinoma, bladder squamous cell carcinoma, skin tumors and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of S100 A7 has not been described for laryngeal cancer.

Primary hyperparathyroidism as the first clinical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A in a 5-year-old child.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in only 10%-30% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), rarely as the sole clinical manifestation, and is usually diagnosed after the third decade of life.

Summary: A 5-year-old girl was referred for prophylactic thyroidectomy as she carried the p.C634R RET mutation.

Do foreign bodies migrate through the body towards the heart?

Unlabelled: Fixation of foreign bodies (FB), in the mucosa, can favor its migration, giving origin to the popular saying: 'FB walk to the heart'.

Aim: Describe the mechanisms involved in FB migration and how to diagnose them.

Methodology: From a sample of 3,000 foreign bodies, during 40 years, we analyzed four which had extra-lumen migration.

Resection of juvenile angiofibroma using the Le Fort I approach.

Background: Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a rare tumor that occurs exclusively in adolescent male patients. The mainstay treatment for JA is complete surgical excision. Acceptable surgical approaches for the resection of JA include transantral, transpalatal, combined, endoscopic, and Le Fort I procedures, among others.