Sublingual human chorionic gonadotropin as an adjuvant to ovulation induction.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sublingually administered human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in combination with clomiphene citrate (CC) or letrozole (LTZ) for ovulation induction.

Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized study, the patients were divided into two placebo groups and two intervention groups using CC, LTZ, and HCG.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in ovulation induction between the groups.

Effects of clinical and metabolic variables and hormones on the expression of immune protein biomarkers in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal-cycling controls.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an elevated risk of endometrial cancer, which may be associated with the continuous proliferative state caused by the interaction between hormones and metabolic factors.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hormones and metabolic factors in the proliferation and death of endometrium during the proliferative phase.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 11 women with PCOS and eight normal-cycling non-PCOS controls at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro from February 2011 to June 2019.

Expression levels of BCL2 and MKI67 in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women and their correlation with obesity.

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases, including endometrial disorders in postmenopausal women, such as adenocarcinoma, hyperplasias and endometrial polyps, and the risk of malignant transformation of these structures. The present study evaluated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on cell proliferation (BCL2 and MKI67) in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women. A prospective cross-sectional study using immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of a cell proliferation marker (MKI67) and an anti-apoptotic gene (BCL2) in endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women was performed.

Heterotopic cervical pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization - case report and literature review.

Heterotopic cervical pregnancy is an uncommon condition, with a rising incidence due to the increasing number of pregnancies resulting from in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Although it is associated with maternal-fetal complications, there is no consensus in the literature about the best approach for this condition. This study aims to report a case of cervical heterotopic gestation after IVF in which the intrauterine pregnancy was preserved, with spontaneous elimination of the cervical gestational sac after patient sedation and introduction of the vaginal speculum.

How long is the ovary relevant for synthesis of steroids after menopause?

This study aimed to determine whether the ovaries synthesize estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and androstenedione (A) after menopause. The first group (30 patients) underwent surgical menopause (SM) - their ovaries were removed due to a benign condition around the time of menopause. The second group (30 patients) consisted of patients with natural menopause (NM).

The evaluation of endometrial sulfate glycosaminoglycans in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study was to quantify the sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the endometria of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Of the 18 patients recruited for this study, 10 patients with PCOS comprised the PCOS group (PCOSG), and eight patients with regular and ovulatory menstrual cycles comprised the control group (CG). The clinical, biochemical, morphological and endometrial data from both groups were analyzed.