Clinical Course of Patients with Bartter Syndrome.

Introduction: Bartter syndrome (BS) is a salt losing tubulopathy due to impairment of the transport mechanisms at the thick ascending limb of the Henle's loop. The aim of this study was to report the clinical course of patients with BS.

Methods: Patients with BS were followed from 1996 to 2020 and enrolled to a systematic protocol to confirm primary BS by evaluating the metabolic derangements, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.

Bartter's syndrome: clinical findings, genetic causes and therapeutic approach.

Backgound: Bartter's syndrome (BS) is a rare group of salt losing tubulopathies due to the impairment of transport mechanisms at the thick ascending limb of the Henle's loop.

Data Sources: Literature reviews and original research articles were collected from database, including PubMed and Scopus.

Results: According to the time of onset and symptoms, BS can be classified into antenatal and classic BS.

Distal renal tubular acidosis: genetic causes and management.

Background: Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a kidney tubulopathy that causes a state of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to impairment of urine acidification. This review aims to summarize the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and therapeutic approach of dRTA, with emphasis on genetic causes of dRTA.

Data Sources: Literature reviews and original research articles from databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar.