Anatomical Study of the Relationship between the Riché-Cannieu Anastomosis and the Kaplan Cardinal Line.

 To identify the location of the Riché-Cannieu anastomosis (RCA) in relation to the Cardinal Kaplan Line (KCL) and the Y line.  A total of 20 hands of 10 recently-deceased adult male cadavers aged between 27 and 66 years were dissected for the investigation of the relationship of the most distal point of the RCA with the KCL and with the Y line, drawn from the axis of the third metacarpal head, following the longitudinal axis of the hand.  In 20 limbs, the most distal point of the nerve communication was positioned distally in relation to the KCL.

DORSALIS PEDIS NEUROVASCULAR FLAP, OUR EXPERIENCE.

Objectives: Analyze the donor site morbidity of the dorsalis pedis neurovascular flap in traumatic injuries with hand tissue loss.

Material And Methods: The study involved dorsalis pedis neurovascular flaps that were used to reconstruct the hands of eight male patients, between 1983 and 2003, aged between 21 and 53 years (mean 34.6, SD ± 10.

STUDY OF THE MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVOUS BRANKS TO KAPLAN'S LINE.

Objective: This study aims to present lines A1 and A2 in association with Kaplan's cardinal line (LCK), and relate them to the thenar motor branch of the median nerve (RMTNM) and to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (RPNU).

Methods: Ten hands of five adult cadavers were dissected.

Results: The RMTNM origin was positioned proximal to the LCK in all limbs.

Endoscopic endonasal approach for acromegaly: surgical outcomes using 2018 consensus criteria for remission.

Objective: The primary aim is to analyze the endoscopic endonasal surgical results in short-term and two-year follow-ups according to the 11th Acromegaly Consensus statement (2018). Indeed, prognostic factors and complications were analyzed.

Subjects And Methods: 40 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery by acromegaly between 2013 to 2020 was analyzed.

AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR TEACHING TENDON REPAIR AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN HAND SURGERY.

Introduction: At the beginning of the medical career, the orthopedic surgeon in academic training needs valid methodologies for training complex surgeries in tissues that simulate real situations. With training in animal tissue, adapted to approach human tissue, it is possible to simulate procedures and decisions that will be necessary in real situations.

Objective: This study consists in presenting a simple and reproducible simulation model for surgical repair of tendons by training on fresh tendons fixed on a wooden frame.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE FLAP FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTREMITY INJURIES.

Objective: To report the use of the serratus anterior free tissue transfer in the treatment of traumatic injuries.

Methods: Twenty-six free flaps or serratus pedicled flaps were performed for reconstruction of traumatic extremity injuries.

Results: Complete flap survival was recorded in 20 limbs and 3 patients had circulatory complications.

Masquerade syndrome in ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

The aim of this study was to alert the ophthalmic community to an atypical manifestation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, which may delay diagnosis and treatment and result in a guarded visual prognosis and significant sequelae. A 61-year-old immunocompetent man presented with an initial diagnosis of necrotizing scleritis in the right eye for 3 months. He was treated with systemic prednisone but experienced persistent pain and low visual acuity.

RECONSTRUCTION OF UPPER LIMB SOFT TISSUE INJURIES, EXCEPT FOR FINGERTIPS LESIONS.

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of reconstructive procedures applied in upper limb soft tissue injuries according to their location.

Methods: The study involved 94 male and 22 female patients (116 total) operated between April 2001 and November 2017 due to traumatic injuries in a upper limb. Individuals were evaluated considering their age, sex, etiology, reconstruction area , applied methodology and complications.

Anatomical Study of the Motor Branches of the Radial Nerve in the Forearm.

 To analyze the anatomical variations of the motor branches of the radial nerve in the elbow region. The origin, course, length, branches, motor points and relationships with neighboring structures were evaluated.  Thirty limbs from15 adult cadavers were dissected and prepared by intra-arterial injection of a 10% glycerin and formaldehyde solution.

INNERVATION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE MOTOR BRANCHES IN THE FOREARM AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

Objective: To analyse the anatomical variations of the median nerve motor branches in the elbow region.

Methods: Twenty upper limbs of 10 adult male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formaldehyde. All cadavers belonged to the institution anatomy laboratory.

Ocular Sporotrichosis.

Purpose: To present 10 cases of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome caused by sporotrichosis.

Observations: We report 10 cases of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome after contact with domestic cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. They all showed ocular hyperemia associated with unilateral tarsal conjunctival granulomas.

Anatomical Study of Radial Tunnel and its Clinical Implications in Compressive Syndromes.

 The purpose of the present study was to analyze the structures in the radial tunnel that can cause posterior interosseous nerve entrapment.  A total of 30 members of 15 adult cadavers prepared by intra-arterial injection of a 10% solution of glycerol and formalin were dissected. All were male, belonging to the laboratory of anatomy of this institution.

TRANSFER OF THE RADIAL NERVE BRANCHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE LESION: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY.

Objective: This anatomical study aimed to analyze the possibility of transferring the radial nerve branches destined to the brachioradialis (BR), extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), and supinator (SM) muscles to innervate the AIN.

Methods: Ten limbs from five male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formalin.

Results: The presence of only one branch to the BR muscle was noted in 7 limbs and two branches were noted in three limbs.

Riché-Cannieu Anastomosis: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance.

 To define the anatomy pattern and the incidence of Riché-Cannieu anastomosis, that is, median and ulnar communication in the palmar aspect of the hand.  A total of 80 anatomical dissections were performed on 60 hands of 30 cadavers from 1979 to 1982, and on 20 hands from 2012 to 2015. All of these procedures were performed at the Department of Anatomy of our institution.

Anatomical Study of Innervation of the Supinator Muscle to Reinnervate the Posterior Interosseous Nerve.

 The purpose of this anatomical study was to analyze the possibility of transferring radial nerve branches to the supinator muscle to reinnervate the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) originating from the C7-T1 roots.  Thirty members of 15 cadavers, all male, prepared with an intra-arterial glycerol and formaldehyde solution injection, were dissected.  All dissected limbs presented at least one branch intended for the superficial and the deep heads of the supinator muscle.

Anatomical study of the transfer of flexor digitorum superficialis nerve branch of median nerve to restore wrist extension and forearm pronation.

Objective: To analyze the anatomical variations of the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle and to determine if the branch of the median nerve that supply this muscle is connected to the branches to the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the pronator teres muscles, without tension, and how close to the target-muscles the transfer can be performed.

Methods: Fifty limbs of 25 cadavers were dissected to collect data on the anatomical variations of the branches to the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.

Results: This muscle received innervation from the median nerve in the 50 limbs.

Anterior interosseous nerve: anatomical study and clinical implications.

Objective: The goal of this study was to describe anatomical variations and clinical implications of anterior interosseous nerve. In complete anterior interosseous nerve palsy, the patient is unable to flex the distal phalanx of the thumb and index finger; in incomplete anterior interosseous nerve palsy, there is less axonal damage, and either the thumb or the index finger are affected.

Methods: This study was based on the dissection of 50 limbs of 25 cadavers, 22 were male and three, female.

TRANSFER OF NERVE BRANCHES OF THE FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS TO THE POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to study the anatomical variations of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR) and determine in cadaver limbs whether the FCR nervous branch can be connected to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) without tension and how close to the target muscles the transfer can be performed.

Method: Thirty cadaveric upper limbs were dissected.

Results: The FCR received exclusive innervation of the median nerve, distally to the intercondylar line of the humerus.

ARCADE OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS MUSCLE: ANATOMICAL STUDY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS.

Objective: The arcade of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (FDS) is an anatomical structure which has not yet been widely studied and is a site of nerve compression. The aim of this study was to analyze the arcade of the FDS muscle and its relations with the median and anterior interosseous nerves through anatomic dissections.

Method: Fifty arms from 25 adult cadavers (21 males and 4 females) were dissected; 18 were previously preserved in formalin and glycerin and 7 fresh specimens were dissected in the Laboratory of Anatomy.

Influence of lifestyle characteristics and VDR polymorphisms as risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration: a case-control study.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) is an important cause of low back pain and its precise aetiology is not fully understood, being attributed to cumulative environmental, biomechanical and genetic effects. The vitamin D plays a key role in regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization, exerting its biological activities by binding to a high-affinity receptor (VDR). Polymorphisms in VDR gene were previously associated with DD process, however with conflicting results.

Bicipital aponeurosis. Anatomical study and clinical implications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic variations of the bicipital aponeurosis (BA) () and its implications for the compression of the median nerve, which is positioned medially to the brachial artery, passing under the bicipital aponeurosis.

Methods: Sixty upper limbs of 30 cadavers were dissected, 26 of which were male and four, female; of the total, 15 had been previously preserved in formalin and glycerine and 15 were dissected fresh in the Laboratory of Anatomy.

Results: In 55 limbs, short and long heads of the biceps muscle contributed to the formation of the BA, and the most significant contribution was always from the short head.

Vascular endothelial growth factor gene variations as a risk predictor in disc degeneration.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene, as well as to identify a potential risk haplotype among the polymorphic regions in this gene in patients with disc degeneration and in the Control Group.

Methods: This study analyzed a total of 217 individuals distributed into the Disc Degeneration and Control Groups. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients to detect VEGF gene polymorphisms identified by qPCR (rs699947, rs1570360, rs2010963, rs833061 and rs3025039).

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle. Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications.

Introduction: This paper reports anatomical study of nature, incidence, innervation and clinical implications of Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle (FPB).

Material And Methods: The anatomical dissection of 60 limbs from 30 cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Catholic University of São Paulo.

Results: The superficial head of FPB has been innervated by the median nerve in 70% and in 30% it had double innervation.

Acanthamoeba keratitis in patients wearing scleral contact lenses.

Purpose: To report a series of cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in scleral lens wearers with keratoconus to determine whether this type of contact lens presents a greater risk for development of infection.

Methods: This study reports three patients who wore scleral contact lenses to correct keratoconus and developed AK. The diagnoses of AK were established based on cultures of the cornea, scleral contact lenses, and contact lens paraphernalia.

STRUTHERS' LIGAMENT AND SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL PROCESS: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and anatomical characteristics of Struthers' ligament and the supracondylar humeral process and evaluate the clinical implications in compressive neuropathy of the median nerve .

Method: We dissected 60 arms from 30 cadavers (26 males and 4 females): 15 were previously preserved in formalin and glycerin and 15 were dissected fresh in the Anatomy Laboratory for this paper. The relationships between Struthers' ligament and the median nerve and brachial artery and veins were documented with drawings and photos .