Three-Dimensional Assessment of Cervical Vertebrae Anomalies in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of cervical vertebrae anomalies (CVA) in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations.

Design: Retrospective assessment of CBCT images. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Reduced pharyngeal dimensions and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with cleft lip/palate and Class III malocclusion.

: To three-dimensionally evaluate the upper airway of individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and Class III malocclusion and the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).: Twenty-one CLP individuals with Class III malocclusion, 20-29 years of age, who underwent computed tomography for orthognathic surgery planning, were prospectively evaluated. All participants underwent polysomnography, and the apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 events/hour was considered indicative of OSA.

Craniofacial characterization of Marfan Syndrome.

Objective: The morbidity and mortality associated with the Marfan Syndrome (MFS) warrant timely diagnosis and intervention that can improve long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a distinct craniofacial morphology exists for patients with MFS that can be described quantitatively and qualitatively.

Methods: Subjects with a positive diagnosis of MFS were recruited for this study (N = 36).

Antimicrobial activity of ozone and NaF-chlorhexidine on early childhood caries.

An early childhood carie (ECC) is an extremely destructive form of tooth decay. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of ozone (O3), and the association of sodium fluoride (NaF) with chlorhexidine (CHX) on bacteria related to ECC. Overnight culture of the bacteria was performed.

Nasal Airway Dysfunction in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: Results of a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study, with Anatomical and Surgical Considerations.

Background: The aesthetic aspects of the cleft lip nasal deformity have been appreciated for over a century, but the functional implications have remained largely underappreciated or misunderstood. This study describes the frequency and severity of nasal obstructive symptoms among children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, addressing the hypotheses that age, cleft type, and severity are associated with the development of nasal obstructive symptoms.

Methods: Children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate and a comparison group of unaffected children born from 1997 to 2003 were identified through the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program and birth certificates.

Diabetes mellitus and drug abuse during pregnancy and the risk for orofacial clefts and related abnormalities.

Objective: to assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and drug abuse in mothers of children with orofacial clefts (OFC).

Methods: 325 women who had children (0-3y) with clefts were interviewed. Data regarding type of diabetes, use of legal/illegal drugs during pregnancy, waist girth and fasting blood sugar at the first prenatal consult were collected.

Micro-CT evaluation of the radioprotective effect of resveratrol on the mandibular incisors of irradiated rats.

The purpose of this study was to perform a microcomputed tomographic evaluation of the radioprotective effect of resveratrol on the volume of mandibular incisors of irradiated rats. A second aim was to make a quantitative assessment of the effect of x-ray exposure on these dental tissues. Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, irradiated control, resveratrol, and irradiated resveratrol.

Comparison of different methods to assess alveolar cleft defects in cone beam CT images.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three different methods for assessing the volume of cleft defects in CBCT images. The influence of field of view (FOV) and voxel sizes was also assessed.

Methods: Using three radio-opaque plastic skulls, unilateral defects were created to mimic alveolar clefts and were filled with wax following the contralateral side contours.

Volumetric nasal cavity analysis in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objectives/hypothesis: Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often suffer from nasal obstruction that may be related to effects on nasal volume. The objective of this study was to compare side:side volume ratios and nasal volume in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) clefts with age-matched controls.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study using three-dimensional (3D) nasal airway reconstructions.

Issues involved in the phenotypic classification of orofacial clefts ascertained through a state birth defects registry for the North Carolina Cleft Outcomes Study.

Background: Epidemiologic studies involving birth defects are extremely sensitive to phenotype accuracy and precision. We devised a case review and classification protocol for a project to study school achievement in children with idiopathic, nonsyndromic orofacial clefts to improve the reliability of phenotypic classification from the statewide birth defects registry.

Methods: Surveillance-program abstraction data and medical records at the birth or treating hospitals were used when available.

Difference in maxillary sinus volumes of patients with cleft lip and palate.

Background And Objective: Sinus disease is noted to be common in patients with cleft lip and palate. Many have wondered if anatomic differences are a cause or at least a contributor of this. In this sense, comparisons of sinus volumes of patients with different craniofacial clefts may be helpful to determine possible differences from normal.

Three-dimensional evaluation of nasopharyngeal airways of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to compare the volume of nasopharyngeal airways of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with a control (noncleft) group of subjects.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: The sample consisted of 45 subjects, 30 with UCLP who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams as part of their workups for alveolar bone graft and 15 noncleft subjects seeking orthodontic care who obtained CBCT for diagnostic purposes.

Microtensile bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to artificially created carious dentin.

This article evaluates a pH-cycling model for simulation of caries-affected and caries-infected dentin (CAD and CID, respectively) surfaces, by comparing the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch adhesive system. For both adhesives, bonding to sound dentin (SD) showed that the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) values of SD, CAD, and CID were SD > CAD > CID (P < 0.05).

3D of Brain Shape and Volume After Cranial Vault Remodeling Surgery for Craniosynostosis Correction in Infants.

The skull of young children is made up of bony plates that enable growth. Craniosynostosis is a birth defect that causes one or more sutures on an infant's skull to close prematurely. Corrective surgery focuses on cranial and orbital rim shaping to return the skull to a more normal shape.

Evaluation of ICD-9-CM codes for craniofacial microsomia.

Background: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition characterized by microtia and mandibular underdevelopment. Healthcare databases and birth defects surveillance programs could be used to improve knowledge of CFM. However, no specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code exists for this condition, which makes standardized data collection challenging.

Photographic protocol for image acquisition in craniofacial microsomia.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition associated with orbital, mandibular, ear, nerve, and soft tissue anomalies. We present a standardized, two-dimensional, digital photographic protocol designed to capture the common craniofacial features associated with CFM.

Effect of finishing instrumentation on the marginal integrity of resin-based composite restorations.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of the use of different finishing instruments on the marginal integrity of resin composite restorations.

Materials And Methods: Bovine incisors (N = 75) embedded in epoxy resin had the facial enamel ground and polished to 1200-grit. A standardized cavity (3 x 3 mm, 2 mm deep) was prepared on each specimen and restored with a 2-step total-etch adhesive (Single Bond, 3M ESPE, St.

Clinical evaluation of desensitizing treatments for cervical dentin hypersensitivity.

The aim of this study was to compare different treatments for dentin hypersensitivity in a 6-month follow-up. One hundred and one teeth exhibiting non carious cervical lesions were selected. The assessment method used to quantify sensitivity was the cold air syringe, recorded by the visual analogue scale (VAS), prior to treatment (baseline), immediately after topical treatment, after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months.

Effect of long-term water storage on etch-and-rinse and self-etching resin-dentin bond strengths.

This study sought to evaluate the long-term bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems to dentin after one year of water storage. Crown fragments from the buccal surface of extracted bovine incisors were ground flat to expose dentin surfaces. Four etch-and-rinse and two self-etch bonding agents were used according to manufacturers' instructions.

Effect of nanofillers' size on surface properties after toothbrush abrasion.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of filler-particle size of experimental and commercial resin composites, undergoing toothbrush abrasion, on three surface properties: surface roughness (SR), surface gloss (G) and color stability (CS).

Methods: Four model (Ivoclar/Vivadent) and one commercial resin composite (Tokuyama) with varying filler-size from 100-1000 nm were examined. Six discs (10 mm x 2 mm) from each product were prepared and mechanically polished.

Influence of different exposure time required to stabilize hardness values of composite resin restorations.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if Knoop hardness values (KHN) for top and bottom surfaces of resin composite materials can reach a plateau within a clinically acceptable photoactivation time.

Methods And Materials: Four light-curing units (LCUs) were evaluated in this study (n=5): QTH (Optilux501: 550 mW/cm2) and LEDs (FreeLight2: 1100 mW/cm2; UltraLume5: 900 mW/cm2; and Radii: 750 mW/cm2). Composite resin discs (4 mm x 2 mm) of Heliomolar (Ivoclar/Vivadent) and Herculite XRV (Kerr) were tested using five photoactivation times (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 seconds).

Dentin and enamel bond strengths of dual-cure composite luting agents used with dual-cure dental adhesives.

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare dentin and enamel bond strengths obtained with dual-cure composite luting agents when used with dual-cure dental adhesives.

Methods: Human molars were ground flat to expose enamel (n=80) or dentin (n=80). Specimens in each substrate group were randomly assigned to eight treatment sub-groups, according to four adhesive-luting agent combinations and two test conditions (with or without thermocycling).

In vitro microTBS of one-bottle adhesive systems: sound versus artificially-created caries-affected dentin.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate a pH-cycling model for simulation of caries-affected dentin (CAD) surfaces, by comparing the bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems on sound and artificially-created CAD. Dentin substrates with different mineral contents and morphological patterns were created by submitting buccal bovine dentin to the following treatments: (1) immersion in artificial saliva during the experimental period (sound dentin, SD), or (2) induction to a CAD condition by means of a dynamic pH-cycling model (8 cycles, demineralization for 3 h followed by mineralization for 45 h). The bond strength of Excite or Prime and Bond NT adhesive systems was assessed using the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) test.

Using extracted teeth for research: the effect of storage medium and sterilization on dentin bond strengths.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has adopted guidelines for infection control of extracted teeth used for research and teaching, requiring that teeth be sterilized before use. The authors conducted a study to test the null hypothesis that the storage medium and sterilization method have no effect on composite-to-dentin bond strengths.

Materials And Methods: The authors collected 170 bovine incisors, cleaned them and placed them randomly into one of six storage media at 37 degrees C for 60 days: distilled water (dH(2)O), 0.