Global perspectives on donor-derived infections: Brazil and Argentina.

Brazil and Argentina are two of the South American countries that perform the highest number of solid organ transplant procedures globally each year. These procedures are not exempt from risks for the recipient, and there is a risk of donor-derived infections. Risk mitigation measures for disease transmission from donor to recipient are essential, and biovigilance systems play a crucial role to inform authorities and provide data for the definition of screening procedures and prevention of donor-derived infections.

RATIO OF METASTATIC LYMPH NODES VS. RESECTED LYMPH NODES (N-RATIO) HAS PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS IN GASTRIC CANCER.

Background: Lymph node status is vital for gastric cancer (GC) prognosis, but the conventional pN stage may be limited by variations in lymphadenectomy and stage migration. The N-Ratio, which assesses the ratio of metastatic to resected lymph nodes, emerges as a promising prognostic tool.

Aims: To assess N-Ratios prognostic value in GC, particularly in patients with <25 resected lymph nodes.

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Hepatic Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study.

Liver ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) during hepatic surgeries can lead to liver cell death via oxidative stress and the activation of immune cells, the release of cytokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns. Ascorbic acid has been shown to confer potential protective effects against IR injury, mainly due to its antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid infusion at different time points during hepatic IR in rats.

A REVIEW TO HONOR THE HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF PAULINE GROSS, ALDRED WARTHIN, AND HENRY LYNCH IN THE DESCRIPTION AND RECOGNITION OF INHERITANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER.

The present manuscript aimed to review the historical development and most important contributions regarding Lynch Syndrome since its first description, more than a century ago. In 1895, a reputed pathologist from Michigan University, Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin, got intrigued by the family history of a local seamstress called Pauline Gross.

Anatomic and Surgical Aspects of Total Pancreatectomy in Swine.

Background: The swine is a valuable model for preclinical research and surgical technique training. Induction of Type I diabetes is achieved by total pancreatectomy, therefore these animals may be used in several research studies, including islet transplantation field. Given the lack of information in the literature, the purpose of this work is to describe anatomic aspects of swine pancreas, the total pancreatectomy surgical technique, intra- and postoperative complications and the autopsy results.

PALLIATIVE GASTRECTOMY VERSUS GASTRIC BYPASS FOR SYMPTOMATIC CLINICAL STAGE IV GASTRIC CANCER: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ANALYSIS.

Background: Patients with clinical stage IV gastric cancer may require palliative procedures to manage complications such as obstruction. However, there is no consensus on whether performing palliative gastrectomy compared to gastric bypass brings benefits in terms of survival.

Aims: To compare the overall survival of patients with distal obstructive gastric cancer undergoing palliative surgical treatment, using propensity score matching analysis.

Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A critical review.

Background: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (phCCC) is a dismal malignancy. There is no consensus regarding the best treatment for patients with unresectable phCCC. The present review aimed to gather the current pieces of evidence for liver transplantation and liver resection as a treatment for phCCC and to build better guidance for clinical practice.

FAILURE TO RESCUE AFTER GASTRECTOMY: A NEW INDICATOR OF SURGICAL QUALITY.

Background: The main treatment modality for gastric cancer is surgical resection with lymphadenectomy. Despite advances in perioperative care, major surgical complications can occur in up to 20% of cases. To determine the quality of surgical care employed, a new indicator called failure to rescue (FTR) was proposed, which assesses the percentage of patients who die after complications occur.

Pre-transplant multidrug-resistant infections in liver transplant recipients-epidemiology and impact on transplantation outcome.

Background: Cirrhotic patients are highly exposed to healthcare services and antibiotics. Although pre-liver transplantation (LT) infections are directly related to the worsening of liver function, the impact of these infections on LT outcomes is still unclear. This study aimed to identify the effect of multidrug-resistant microorganism (MDRO) infections before LT on survival after LT.

TCD assessment in fulminant hepatic failure: Improvements in cerebral autoregulation after liver transplantation.

Introduction And Objectives: Acute liver failure, also known as fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), includes a spectrum of clinical entities characterized by acute liver injury, severe hepatocellular dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral autoregulation (CA) in 25 patients (19 female) with FHF and to follow up with seventeen of these patients before and after liver transplantation.

Patients And Methods: The mean age was 33.

PRECLINICAL MODELS OF LIVER CÂNCER.

•In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis: classic models, new transgenic and combined models, that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. •Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches.

THE OPTIMUM LEVEL OF MELD TO MINIMIZE THE MORTALITY ON LIVER TRANSPLANTATION WAITING LIST, AND LIVER TRANSPLANTED PATIENT IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL.

Background: After validation in multiple types of liver disease patients, the MELD score was adopted as a standard by which liver transplant candidates with end-stage liver disease were prioritized for organ allocation in the United States since 2002, and in Brazil, since 2006.

Aims: To analyze the mortality profile of patients on the liver transplant waiting list correlated to MELD score at the moment of transplantation.

Methods: This study used the data from the Secretary of Health of the São Paulo State, Brazil, which listed 22,522 patients, from 2006 (when MELD score was introduced in Brazil) until June 2009.

PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY VERSUS UPFRONT SURGERY FOR ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ANALYSIS.

Background: Surgical resection remains the main curative therapeutic modality for advanced gastric cancer. Recently, the association of preoperative chemotherapy has allowed the improvement of results without increasing surgical complications.

Aims: To evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy in a real-world setting.

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with macroscopic vascular invasion: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of different treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and macroscopic vascular invasion.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies was performed to evaluate various treatment modalities for HCC with macroscopic vascular invasion, including liver resection (LR), liver transplantation (LT), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), radiotherapy (RT), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and antineoplastic systemic therapy (AnST).

Results: After applying the selection criteria, 31 studies were included.

Gastroduodenal Perforation in Cancer Patients: Association with Chemotherapy and Prognosis.

Background: Gastroduodenal perforation stands out as one of the complications in cancer patients. Despite its high mortality, its characteristics are still poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients who had gastroduodenal perforation, and the influence of chemotherapy (CMT) in these cases.

Hexafluoroisopropanol decreases liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by downregulation of high mobility group box-1 protein.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with poor outcome after liver transplantation and liver resections. Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a tri-fluorinated metabolites of volatile anesthetics and has modulatory effects on inflammation that have been observed mainly in cell culture experiments. In this survey, we investigated the effects of HFIP in a rat model of normothermic hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): screening, treatment and survival analysis in a Brazilian series.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) screening, treatment modalities, and Overall Survival (OS) in a series of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC) Brazilian patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study at the Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo with the approval of the local research ethics committee. NAFLD patients with HCC diagnosed, from May 2010 to May 2019, were included.

Prediction models for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales carriage at liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonisation at liver transplantation (LT) increases the risk of CRE infection after LT, which impacts on recipients' survival. Colonization status usually becomes evident only near LT. Thus, predictive models can be useful to guide antibiotic prophylaxis in endemic centres.

Two decades of liver resection with a multidisciplinary approach in a single institution: What has changed? Analysis of 1409 cases.

Objectives: To evaluate results of patients undergoing liver resection in a single center over the past two decades with a particular look at Colorectal Liver Metastasis (CRLM) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

Method: Patients were divided into two eras, from 2000 to 2010 (Era 1) and 2011 to 2020 (Era 2). The most frequent diagnosis was CRLM and HCC, with 738 (52.

What is the role of heat shock protein in abdominal organ transplantation?

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event occuring after abdominal organ transplantation, and has a significant influence on prognosis and survival of the graft. It is involved in delaying the primary function or non-functioning of the graft. The objective of this study was to provide information on heat shock protein mechanisms in ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations, and to indicate the possible factors involved that may influence the graft outcome.

Experimental model of portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices in minipigs: pressure and endoscopic pilot study.

Introduction: Portal hypertension still represents an important health problem worldwide. In the search for knowledge regarding this syndrome, experimental studies with animal models have proven to be useful to point the direction to be taken in future randomized clinical trials.

Purpose: To validate the experimental model of portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices in a medium-sized animal.