Comparison of total daily energy expenditure with dietary reference intakes values in a sample of urban, relatively active Brazilian adults: A doubly labeled water study.

Objective: This report aimed to describe the results of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) assessed by doubly labeled water (TDEE) and the adequacy of the dietary reference intakes (DRI) equations to estimate energy requirements (ER).

Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study in a convenience sample of 40 healthy Brazilian adults (≥20 years; 21 women) living in a tropical urban region. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, TDEE was compared with ER using individual calculated physical activity level (PAL = TDEE/BMR) in its estimation.

What is the best anthropometric predictor for identifying higher risk for cardiovascular diseases in afro-descendant Brazilian women? A cross-sectional population-based study.

Objectives: Excessive adiposity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anthropometric indices are useful in screening individuals at higher risk for these diseases. However, there are no studies that show which of these indices has the best discriminatory power among Afro-descendant Brazilian women.

Using monkey hand exoskeleton to explore finger passive joint movement response in primary motor cortex.

While neurons in primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to respond to sensory stimuli, exploration of this phenomenon has proven challenging. Accurate and repeatable presentation of sensory inputs is difficult. Here, we describe a novel paradigm to study response to joint motion and fingertip force.

Energy intake underreporting of adults in a household survey: the impact of using a population specific basal metabolic rate equation.

The purpose of the present study was to identify energy intake (EI) underreporting and to estimate the impact of using a population specific equation for the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in a probability sample of adults from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A sample of 1,726 subjects participated in the study. EI was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall and EI/BMR was computed with BMR estimated using internationally recommended equations as well as specific equations developed for the adult population of Niterói.

[Reproducibility, relative validity, and calibration of a food-frequency questionnaire for adults in Greater Metropolitan Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil].

This study tested the relative validity and estimated calibration factors of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 120 food items in 128 adults. We applied one FFQ and three 24h recalls. Validity was tested by the Bland-Altman method, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), classification in quartile categorization, and weighted kappa.

Brazilian normative data for the Short Form 36 questionnaire, version 2.

Methods: The study Pesquisa Dimensões Sociais das Desigualdades (PDSD) (Social Dimensions of Inequalities) involves 12,423 randomly selected Brazilian men and women aged 18 years old or more from urban and rural areas of the five Brazilian regions, and the information collected included the SF-36 as a measure of health-related quality of life. This provided a unique opportunity to develop age and gender-adjusted normative data for the Brazilian population.

Results: Brazilian men scored substantially higher than women on all eight domains and the two summary component scales of the SF-36.

[Nutritional status and screen time among public school students in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil].

The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status, sedentary behavior (TV, computer, and videogame time and screen time as the sum of these first three) and physical activity using a questionnaire with youth (10 to 18 years of age) enrolled in public schools in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Anthropometry (body mass and stature), sedentary behavior, and information on physical activity were obtained in a probability sample of 10 to 18 year-old students (n = 328; 108 boys) stratified by school and selected in two stages (classes and students). Low height for age did not appear as a problem, but 25.

Bioelectrical impedance parameters in critically ill children: importance of reactance and resistance.

Background & Aims: Currently, there are no clinical or laboratory parameters that can be used efficiently to predict the prognosis of critically ill patients, but in some situations, raw bioelectrical impedance parameters have been shown to be useful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of reactance and resistance in the severity of the critically ill pediatric patient.

Methods: We prospectively analyzed bioelectrical impedance in a sample of 332 critically ill pediatric patients submitted to mechanical ventilation.

Body fat percentage and body mass index in a probability sample of an adult urban population in Brazil.

The purpose of the present study was to measure body composition in a probability sample of adults (≥ 20 years) living in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to assess the adequacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-offs values for identifying obesity in this population. Anthropometric measures and percentage body fat (%BF) assessments were taken with 550 fasted individuals (352 women). Obesity was classified according to the WHO recommended BMI cut-off values.

[Basal metabolism during pregnancy: a systematic review].

Gestational energy expenditure (EE) is the basis for nutritional counseling and body weight control. The objective of this study was to systematically review the behavior of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), the major component of EE, during non gemelar pregnancy of healthy women. Based on the inclusion criteria, 37 articles were identified (24 cohort and 13 cross-sectional studies).

BMR in a Brazilian adult probability sample: the Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health Survey.

Objective: To measure BMR in a probability sample of adults from an urban city of Brazil and to compare indirectly measured BMR (BMRi) with BMR predicted from different equations.

Design: BMR data were obtained by indirect calorimetry and estimated by different predictive equations (Schofield; Harris and Benedict; Henry and Rees). Anthropometric and body composition measures were also obtained.

[Patterns of physical activity during a typical day for adults in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: the Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health Survey (PNAFS)].

The current study aimed to assess patterns of typical daily physical activity in a probability sample (N = 1,689) of adults in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, using 24-hour recall. The sample was designed in three stages (census enumeration area - CEA, household within the CEA, and an adult selected with equal probability among all eligible adults in the household). Physical activities were classified as light, moderate, or vigorous and grouped in household chores, occupational, leisure-time, and commuting.

[Development, adaptation and validation of silhouette scales for self-assessment of nutritional status: a systematic review].

Self-assessment of body image is a multidimensional construction by which individuals describe the internal representations of their body structure and physical appearance in relation to themselves and others. Silhouette scales have been used to for self-assessment of nutritional status, due to their low cost and ease of administration, especially in field surveys. This study aimed to identify the various silhouette scales that have been developed or adapted since 1983 and to conduct a systematic review of the validation of such scales against objective measures of nutritional status.

Distribution of bioelectrical impedance vector values in multi-ethnic infants and pre-school children.

Background & Aims: Ethnicity may influence bioimpedance values. The goal of this study was to measure total body impedance vector in infants and pre-school children in Brazil and compare them with those reported in other countries.

Methods: We analyzed bioelectrical impedance from a sample of 255 healthy Brazilian children, aged 1-36 months, using the RXc graph method (tetrapolar analysis at 50 kHz frequency).

Psychometric evaluation of the SF-36 (v.2) questionnaire in a probability sample of Brazilian households: results of the survey Pesquisa Dimensões Sociais das Desigualdades (PDSD), Brazil, 2008.

Background: In Brazil, despite the growing use of SF-36 in different research environments, most of the psychometric evaluation of the translated questionnaire was from studies with samples of patients. The purpose of this paper is to examine if the Brazilian version of SF-36 satisfies scaling assumptions, reliability and validity required for valid interpretation of the SF-36 summated ratings scales in the general population.

Methods: 12,423 individuals and their spouses living in 8,048 households were selected from a stratified sample of all permanent households along the country to be interviewed using the Brazilian SF-36 (version 2).

Influence of nutritional status and VO2max on adiponectin levels in men older than 35 years. [corrected].

Background: Adiponectin is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, due to its anti- atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies, however, have suggested the existence of a direct association between adiponectin levels and cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels.

Objective: To verify the influence of the nutritional status and cardiorespiratory fitness on plasma adiponectin levels in adult men.

Absolute and relative energy costs of walking in a Brazilian adult probability sample.

Background: Walking is commonly recommended for enhancing energy expenditure (EE), a basic principle in weight management, and cardiorespiratory fitness. However, walking EE varies with characteristics of a given population, especially by sex and age.

Purpose: The study's purpose was to measure EE of walking as influenced by physical and physiological characteristics of a sample of adults (≥ 20 yr) living in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Handgrip strength and its dialysis determinants in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To evaluate muscle function (MF) of patients on hemodialysis (HD) and to investigate the dialysis determinants of maximal voluntary handgrip strength (HGS).

Methods: Forty-three patients on HD (25 men, six diabetics, 54.5 ± 12.

Development of a food frequency questionnaire in a probabilistic sample of adults from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

With the purpose of generating a list of foods for a food-frequency questionnaire, data from 24h dietary recalls on a typical day from a probabilistic sample of 1,724 adults of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. The frequency of food intake, the total intake of energy and macronutrients and the relative contribution of each food item to total energy and macronutrient intake were calculated. The most frequently reported food items (> 50% of adults) were rice, coffee, beans, refined canesugar, and bread.

Seasonal effect on nutrient intake in adults living in Southern Brazil.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonality on nutrient intake in healthy adults from the southernmost metropolitan area of Brazil. The dietary intake (24-hour dietary recall on six different days) in a sample of 162 adults (114 women), aged 20 to 69, was obtained during the year 2007. The nutrient intake was averaged for each season and adjusted for energy intake using the residual method.

Use of handgrip strength in the assessment of the muscle function of chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: a systematic review.

Background: Even though handgrip strength (HGS) is considered a simple and reliable method to evaluate muscle function and, indirectly, the nutritional status in clinical settings, there is still no consensus concerning its use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis. This study presents a systematic review of the literature on the use of HGS as a parameter for nutritional assessment and a prognostic marker in patients on dialysis.

Methods: The MEDLINE database (1966 to October 2009) was consulted for this systematic review by using the search terms hand strength or muscle strength dynamometer and dialysis.

[Dietary intake and energy balance in the adult population in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: the Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health Survey (PNAFS)].

This study aimed to assess typical daily dietary intake and energy expenditure in a probabilistic sample of adults in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Dietary intake was measured by 24-hour dietary recall, body mass and height were measured in the household, and energy expenditure was estimated by the Flex-heart rate method. The results showed mean energy intake of 1,570.