Dermal fillers do not induce upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes or expression of inflammatory cytokines in granulomas.

Background: Filling materials have increasingly been used in aesthetics over the last decades. Understanding the pathophysiology of granuloma formation as a very relevant unwanted side effect of filler application may be essential to help avoid these adverse events.

Aims: Our aim was to investigate the role of the inflammasome in the formation of filler granuloma, as a central column of the innate immune response.

Current status of surgery in dermatology.

An article titled "Current issues in dermatologic office-based surgery" was published in the JAAD in October 1999 (volume 41, issue 4, pp. 624-634). The article was developed by the Joint American Academy of Dermatology/American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Liaison Committee.

Electron microscopic documentation of late changes in permanent fillers and clinical management of granulomas in affected patients.

Background: The manufacturers of permanent injectable fillers claim that their products are widely inert, biocompatible, atoxic, and nonimmunogenic. There are polymer gels without microparticles on the market and combination products that use collagen suspension or a hyaluronic acid gel as a vector to which polymer microspheres or polygonal particles are added. The filling effect of the polymer gels is based on the volume injected and, for the combination gels, partly on the volume injected and partly on the intended host foreign-body reaction to the microparticles.

An overview of the cosmetic treatment of facial muscles with a new botulinum toxin.

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used nowadays in a much more differentiated way with a much more individualized approach to the cosmetic treatment of patients. To the well known areas of the upper face new indications in the mid and lower face have been added. Microinjection techniques are increasingly used besides the classic intramuscular injection technique.

Decrease of reported adverse events to injectable polylactic acid after recommending an increased dilution: 8-year results from the Injectable Filler Safety study.

Background: Injectable fillers are widely used in aesthetic medicine. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a semipermanent filler that needs to be diluted with sterile water before injection. PLA has been associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions, specifically nodule formation.