A multivariable assessment of renal size and growth of scarred kidneys in children.

Purpose: We applied a recently developed multivariable renal size nomogram to sonographic measurements of kidneys with known scarring to assess systematically their sizes and growth patterns compared to normal kidneys.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed renal sonograms of 138 kidneys (55 right and 83 left) with known scarring. The sizes of these scarred kidneys were compared to the 95% prediction limits calculated according to the multivariable renal size nomogram, adjusting for patient age, gender, race, weight and height.

Case report: lethal multiple pterygium syndrome.

We report a case of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS). Intrauterine fetal demise was diagnosed at 31 weeks' estimated gestational age. Subsequent fetopsy established the diagnosis of LMPS.

The renal length nomogram: multivariable approach.

Purpose: We built a multivariate renal length nomogram based on ultrasound measurements in pediatric patients with normal renal anatomy.

Materials And Methods: Included in the study were 707 children 1 week to 18 years old without vesicoureteral reflux, urinary obstruction or other known anatomical anomalies. Renal length was compared among subgroups of children.

Prospective assessment of pituitary size and shape on MR imaging after suppressive hormonal therapy in central precocious puberty.

Objective: The diagnostic significance of an enlarged pituitary gland regarding both shape and size parameters on MR imaging has previously been demonstrated in children with central precocious puberty. This study was designed to assess changes in these parameters following successful suppressive therapy of central precocious puberty with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue.

Materials And Methods: Twelve girls (mean age 7.

Cyclosphosphamide/prednisone for combination immunosuppression and therapy of lymphoproliferative disease.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well-known complication of solid organ transplantation. While this disorder can often be controlled by decreasing immunosuppression, it is frequently difficult to control the resultant rejection. This case exemplifies this dilemma.

Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of alpha-mannosidosis.

We report successful bone marrow transplantation in a child with a severe form of alpha-mannosidosis, type I. There was complete resolution of the recurrent sinopulmonary disease and organomegaly, improvement in the bony disease, and stabilization of neurocognitive function.

A fatal overdose of arginine hydrochloride.

Arginine hydrochloride is used both diagnostically to test for growth hormone deficiency and therapeutically for treatment of metabolic alkalosis. We describe a 21-month-old girl who developed cardiopulmonary arrest following an accidental overdose of arginine hydrochloride. The patient developed acute metabolic acidosis and transient, but severe, hyponatremia.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria associated with venous thrombosis and papillary endothelial hyperplasia presenting as ulcerated duodenal mass.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is an acquired clonal expansion of bone marrow stem cells that are deficient in the decay-accelerating factor, which is a complement regulatory glycoprotein (CD55), as well as in the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59) and the C8-binding protein. These proteins are deficient on the membranes of red blood cells, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The disorder is associated with intermittent hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, infection, a tendency toward bone marrow aplasia, and venous thromboses.

MR imaging diagnosis of central precocious puberty: importance of changes in the shape and size of the pituitary gland.

Objective: Central precocious puberty occurs as a result of premature pituitary stimulation and increased secretion of gonadotropins. The aims of this study were to analyze MR imaging findings in the pituitary glands of children with central precocious puberty compared with matched control subjects, to define MR imaging-derived variables useful in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty, and to correlate MR imaging-derived variables with the hormonal profile and other imaging and clinical findings.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six children with central precocious puberty (two boys and 24 girls) were divided into two subgroups according to MR imaging findings: idiopathic (21 patients) and nonidiopathic (five patients: three hypothalamic hamartomas, one pineal tumor, one empty sella syndrome).

Torsion of a hepatic lobe in the neonate--ultrasound findings.

We report a case of projectile vomiting in an infant, secondary to torsion of an accessory lobe of the liver, imaged by ultrasound.

Symptomatic cerebral swelling complicating diabetic ketoacidosis documented by intraventricular pressure monitoring: survival without neurologic sequela.

A six-year-old boy developed symptomatic cerebral swelling four hours after the initiation of treatment for newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus complicated by ketoacidosis. Ventriculostomy documented intracranial pressure over a two-day period. Increased intracranial pressure unresponsive to controlled hyperventilation and sedation was treated by administering a diuretic and by drainage via a ventriculostomy.

Neurosonographic changes in newborns treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Ten out of 40 near-term neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy developed abnormal neurosonograms. We identified two abnormal patterns. Hyperechoic areas of intracranial hemorrhage were observed in two patients (a significantly lower incidence than previously reported).