[Disability leave and sick leave in Spain. 2016 legislative update].

In Spanish, the concepts of discapacidad (disability leave) and incapacidad (sick leave) jointly refer to the impairment of a person due to injuries, diseases or deficiencies that limit their activity in a social, personal or occupational field. However, this common link does not imply that both concepts are the same. Statistical data from INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística: Statistic National Institute) show that Spain had in 2015 3.

[Alcohol consumption prevalence in civil servants].

Alcohol consumption is a concern for its effects on health and repercussions on the work environment. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption among civil servants and to examine its association with sociodemographic and occupational variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1180 workers from January to November 2011.

[Prevalence of rhinitis and asthma respiratory symptoms in Spanish working population].

Objective: The aims were to examine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms associated with rhinitis and asthma in Spanish workers and its variations by age, sex, work sector, location in the workplace, smoking habits and the relationship between symptoms in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Methods: The sample was of 2603 workers in different sectors and regions throughout the country. They agreed and answered the questions regarding respiratory symptoms, with the supervision of the company's physician.

[Sick leaves caused by psychiatric diseases in Spain during 2011].

Background: Psychiatric and mood disorders may hamper the efficiency of workers and cause absenteeism.

Material And Methods: Revision of sick leaves related to schizophrenia, bipolar diseases, anxiety, depression and adaptive disorders that were granted in Spain in the period January- December 2011. The mean number of days off work for each disease and the costs per each labor day lost were calculated.

[Costs of temporary disability in Spain related to diabetes mellitus and its complications].

Introduction And Objectives: To ascertain the socioeconomic impact of diabetes, it is essential to estimate overall costs, including both direct and indirect costs (premature retirements, working hours lost, or sick leaves). This study analyzed indirect costs for temporary disability (TD) due to diabetes and its complications in Spain in 2011 by assessing the related ICD-9 MC codes.

Material And Method: For this purpose, the number of TD processes and their mean duration were recorded.

[Fibromyalgia and laboral activities on the Spain legislation].

Fibromyalgia is a pain disorder listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization under the code 729.1. It is a controversial disease that affects young people in many cases during their working years, posing a social and labour problem, in addition to the complexity of its diagnosis, which is based almost exclusively on clinical criteria as few objective data can be obtained from physical examination or additional tests.

[No traumatic labor accident risk in diabetic patient. View from the Spanish legislation].

The Spanish legislation includes the concept of industrial accidents and industrial damage since 1900, although since then in our country some legislative changes have been made, reaching the current Occupational Risk Prevention Law (ORPL) of 1995 and the legislation emanating from it. This is a controversial concept, if we talk about nontraumatic labor injury that carries consequences in the workplace, civil, criminal and contentious administrative disputes, and economic gains. It differs from others in both in qualifying risk and their benefits; the concept also exists in the other European Union countries and in different Spanish-American countries.