Pregnant women who develop preeclampsia have lower abundance of the butyrate-producer Coprococcus in their gut microbiota.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by hypertension and dysfunction of several organs, that is associated with maternal and fetal complications. The human gut microbiota is related to health and disease including hypertension. Alterations in gut microbiota composition can change the short-chain fatty acid profile released by the bacteria and contribute to hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

Impact of a Formulation Containing Unusual Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Trace Elements, Polyphenols and Plant Sterols on Insulin Resistance and Associated Disturbances.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of a lipid-based formulation containing unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, polyphenols and plant sterols on insulin resistance and its associated disturbances among adults at risk of diabetes.

Methods: This was an 8-week, three-arm, open-label randomized clinical trial. We studied individuals aged ≥ 18 years old with diabetes risk given by a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m or a FinnRisc score ≥ 13/20.

Ketonuria Is Associated with Changes to the Abundance of in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Women at 16 Weeks Gestation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

The gut microbiome in pregnancy has been associated with various maternal metabolic and hormonal markers involved in glucose metabolism. Maternal ketones are of particular interest due to the rise in popularity of low-carbohydrate diets. We assessed for differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women with and without ketonuria at 16 weeks gestation.

Faecal Microbiota Are Related to Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Overweight or Obese Adults.

Emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiota in glucose metabolism and diabetes. Few studies have examined the associations between the faecal microbiome and insulin sensitivity and secretion using gold-standard methods in high-risk populations prior to diabetes onset. We investigated the relationships between faecal microbiota composition (16S rRNA sequencing) and gold-standard measures of insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) in 38 overweight or obese otherwise healthy individuals.

A Vegetarian Diet Is a Major Determinant of Gut Microbiota Composition in Early Pregnancy.

The composition of the gut microbiota can be influenced by dietary composition. In pregnancy, the maternal gut microbiome has associations with maternal and infant metabolic status. There is little known regarding the impact of a vegetarian diet in pregnancy on maternal gut microbiota.

Iron supplementation has minor effects on gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese women in early pregnancy.

Fe is an essential nutrient for many bacteria, and Fe supplementation has been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiota in both Fe-deficient and Fe-replete individuals outside pregnancy. This study examined whether the dose of Fe in pregnancy multivitamin supplements affects the overall composition of the gut microbiota in overweight and obese pregnant women in early pregnancy. Women participating in the SPRING study with a faecal sample obtained at 16 weeks' gestation were included in this substudy.

Low dietary fiber intake increases Collinsella abundance in the gut microbiota of overweight and obese pregnant women.

Unlabelled: The gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Abundance of the genus Collinsella is positively correlated with circulating insulin; however, it is unclear what determines Collinsella abundance. This study aims to validate the correlation between Collinsella and insulin and to elucidate if macronutrient intake alters Collinsella abundance and gut microbiota composition.

Contributions of the maternal oral and gut microbiome to placental microbial colonization in overweight and obese pregnant women.

A distinct bacterial signature of the placenta was reported, providing evidence that the fetus does not develop in a sterile environment. The oral microbiome was suggested as a possible source of the bacterial DNA present in the placenta based on similarities to the oral non-pregnant microbiome. Here, the possible origin of the placental microbiome was assessed, examining the gut, oral and placental microbiomes from the same pregnant women.

Antibiotic treatment at delivery shapes the initial oral microbiome in neonates.

Oral microorganisms are important determinants of health and disease. The source of the initial neonatal microbiome and the factors dictating initial human oral microbiota development are unknown. This study aimed to investigate this in placental, oral and gut microbiome profiles from 36 overweight or obese mother-baby dyads as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Review: Maternal health and the placental microbiome.

Over the past decade, the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function and behavior in humans has become apparent. It has become clear that the placenta is not a sterile organ, but rather has its own endogenous microbiome. The composition of the placental microbiome is distinct from that of the vagina and has been reported to resemble the oral microbiome.

Increased Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Composition and Butyrate Production in Early Pregnancy.

The risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia is higher in obese pregnant women. In obesity, the composition of the gut microbiota is altered. Obesity is also associated with low-grade inflammation.

Connections Between the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Hormones in Early Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Women.

Overweight and obese women are at a higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. The gut microbiome could modulate metabolic health and may affect insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to reveal relationships between gut microbiome composition and circulating metabolic hormones in overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks' gestation.

Probiotics and pregnancy.

Complications of pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes for mother and baby in the short and long term. The gut microbiome has been identified as a key factor for maintaining health outside of pregnancy and could contribute to pregnancy complications. In addition, the vaginal and the recently revealed placental microbiome are altered in pregnancy and may play a role in pregnancy complications.