Systolic and diastolic time intervals measured from Doppler tissue imaging: normal values and Z-score tables, and effects of age, heart rate, and body surface area.

The aim of this study was to develop normal values, including Z-score tables when appropriate, for systolic time (St) and diastolic time (Dt) intervals measured by Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) and to determine the effects of age, heart rate (HR), and body surface area on DTI-derived time intervals in children. We studied 593 children with normal echocardiogram results. Developmental factors ranged from age 1 day to 18 years, HR 46 to 182/min, and body surface area 0.

Annular and septal Doppler tissue imaging in children: normal z-score tables and effects of age, heart rate, and body surface area.

The aim of this study was to construct normal z-score tables for longitudinal directed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) systolic wave (S), DTI early diastolic wave (E'), and DTI late diastolic wave (A') at the mitral valve annulus (MV), superior ventricular septum (VS), and tricuspid valve annulus (TV) in pediatric patients. We analyzed normal echocardiograms from 634 children aged 1 day to 18 years, heart rate (HR) range of 50 to 194/min, and body surface area (BSA) range of 0.1 to 2.

Double atrial septum with persistent interatrial space: echocardiographic features of a rare atrial septal malformation.

We describe the echocardiographic features of 4 new cases of a rare atrial septal malformation consisting a double atrial septum with a midline chamber between the left and right atrium. Half of the cases had major left-sided obstructive lesions. Transthoracic, transesophageal, intracardiac, and fetal echocardiographic features of this anomaly are demonstrated.