Production and characterization of the lipopeptide with anti-adhesion for oral biofilm on the surface of titanium for dental implants.

Titanium implants are subject to bacterial adhesion and peri-implantitis induction, and biosurfactants bring a new alternative to the fight against infections. This work aimed to produce and characterize the biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19,659, its anti-adhesion and antimicrobial activity, and cell viability. Anti-adhesion studies were carried out against Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Proteus mirabilis as the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration.

Effect of DMPEI coating against biofilm formation on PVC catheter surface.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in healthcare systems and are prominently associated with applying urethral catheters, particularly in surgeries. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is extensively utilized in the fabrication of catheters. Biofilms, complex polymeric constructions, provide a protective milieu for cell multiplication and the enhancement of antibiotic resistance.

Evaluation of Spore Acquisition, Spore Production, and Host Survival Time for Tea Shot-Hole Borer, , Adults after Exposure to Four Commercial Products Containing .

, the tea shot-hole borer (TSHB), is an invasive ambrosia beetle that vectors several fungal pathogens that cause branch dieback in avocado trees in southern Florida. This study assessed the potential of four commercial products containing the entomopathogenic fungus () for managing adult TSHB beetles. Formulated products containing strains to which adult beetles were exposed were BioCeres WP, BotaniGard WP, BotaniGard ES, and Velifer ES.

Flexibility in the ambrosia symbiosis of .

Introduction: Ambrosia beetles maintain strict associations with specific lineages of fungi. However, anthropogenic introductions of ambrosia beetles into new ecosystems can result in the lateral transfer of their symbionts to other ambrosia beetles. The ability of a Florida endemic ambrosia beetle, , to feed and establish persistent associations with two of its known symbionts ( and ) and two other fungi ( and sp.

Volatile Emissions and Relative Attraction of the Fungal Symbionts of Tea Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

is an ambrosia beetle that vectors fungal pathogens causing dieback in Florida avocado trees. Current monitoring lures contain quercivorol, a fungus-produced volatile, but the exact attractant is unknown since lures contain a mixture of -menth-2-en-1-ol isomers and both α- and β-phellandrene. This study used pure cultures of six symbiotic fungi isolated from to document volatile emissions and determine the relative attraction of symbionts in binary choice assays.

Development and in vivo evaluation of chitosan-gel containing Mitracarpus frigidus methanolic extract for vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by inflammatory changes in the vaginal mucosa caused by abnormal colonization of Candida species. Traditional topical therapies using reference antifungal drugs usually present several issues and limitations for VVC treatment. Thus, the interest in new vaginal formulations, mainly those based on compounds from natural origin, has been growing over the last years.

Impact of supine versus prone position on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performance: a retrospective study.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is frequently performed in the prone or supine position. We compared the technical success and other outcomes between these positions.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative database.

Comparison of idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis [IRAP] and recurrent acute pancreatitis with genetic mutations.

Background: Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis (IRAP) describes frequent episodes of pancreatitis without an etiology found using current testing. We compared the natural history of IRAP with recurrent acute pancreatitis with genetic mutations.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis (≥2 episodes) and negative conventional testing.

Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin): A non-toxic antidiarrheal and antiulcerogenic coumarin.

Gastrointestinal diseases are very common problems; available treatments are very limited and come with a range of side effects. Coumarins are an extensive class of phenolic compounds that can be found in plants, fungi and bacteria. The 7-hydroxycoumarin, also known as umbelliferone (UMB), is a compound that comes from coumarin and has been showing biological activities in other studies.

Detection of the Lychee Erinose Mite, (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Florida, USA: A Comparison with Other Alien Populations.

The lychee erinose mite (LEM), (Keifer) is a serious pest of lychee ( Sonn.). LEM causes a type of gall called 'erineum' (abnormal felty growth of trichomes from the epidermis), where it feeds, reproduces and protects itself from biotic and abiotic adversities.

Efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Background: Candida albicans is the main agent that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis. Resistance among isolates to azole antifungal agents has been reported.

Aims: Due to the well-known antifungal potential of curcumin, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro anticandidal activity of curcumin and its effect in the treatment of experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Xyleborus volvulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Biology and Fungal Associates.

The ambrosia beetle Fabricius has been reported as a potential vector of the plant pathogen T.C. Harr.

Impact of Rearing Conditions on the Ambrosia Beetle's Microbiome.

Ambrosia beetles, along with termites and leafcutter ants, are the only fungus-farming lineages within the tree of life. Bacteria harbored by ambrosia beetles may play an essential role in the nutritional symbiotic interactions with their associated fungi; however, little is known about the impact of rearing conditions on the microbiota of ambrosia beetles. We have used culture-independent methods to explore the effect of rearing conditions on the microbiome associated with , , and , evaluating different media in laboratory-controlled conditions and comparing wild and laboratory conditions.

Xyleborus bispinatus Reared on Artificial Media in the Presence or Absence of the Laurel Wilt Pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola).

Like other members of the tribe Xyleborini, Eichhoff can cause economic damage in the Neotropics. has been found to acquire the laurel wilt pathogen (T. C.

Rearing Xyleborus volvulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Media Containing Sawdust from Avocado or Silkbay, With or Without Raffaelea lauricola (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae).

Like other ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus volvulus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with fungi that serve as food source. Until recently, X. volvulus was not considered a pest, and none of its symbionts were considered plant pathogens.

The Major Outer Membrane Protein MopB Is Required for Twitching Movement and Affects Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Two Xylella fastidiosa strains.

MopB is a major outer membrane protein (OMP) in Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterial plant pathogen that causes losses on many economically important crops. Based on in silico analysis, the uncharacterized MopB protein of X. fastidiosa contains a β-barrel structure with an OmpA-like domain and a predicted calcium-binding motif.

Distribution, Pest Status and Fungal Associates of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus in Florida Avocado Groves.

Members of a complex of cryptic species, that correspond morphologically to the ambrosia beetle (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), were recently found attacking avocado ( Mill.) in Israel and California. In early 2016, an outbreak of another member of this species complex was detected infesting approximately 1500 avocado trees in an avocado orchard at Homestead, Florida.

An overview about the medical use of antifungals in Portugal in the last years.

Despite the introduction of new antifungal agents, the frequency of invasive and mucocutaneous fungal infections as well as resistance to antifungal drugs continues to increase. Over 300 million persons are infected annually with fungi. Resistance to antimicrobials is one of today's major health threats.

Genesis of Azole Antifungal Resistance from Agriculture to Clinical Settings.

Azole fungal resistance is becoming a major public health problem in medicine in recent years. However, it was known in agriculture since several decades; the extensive use of these compounds results in contamination of air, plants, and soil. The increasing frequency of life-threatening fungal infections and the increase of prophylactical use of azoles in high-risk patients, taken together with the evolutionary biology evidence that drug selection pressure is an important factor for the emergence and spread of drug resistance, can result in a dramatic scenario.

The effect of antibacterial and non-antibacterial compounds alone or associated with antifugals upon fungi.

During the last 30 years the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically. While the antifungal therapeutic options available are somewhat reduced, most pathogenic microorganisms have an incredible capacity to mutate and acquire resistance. In addition, multiple drugs are often required concomitantly to manage clinically complex disorders.

Presence of calcium-binding motifs in PilY1 homologs correlates with Ca-mediated twitching motility and evolutionary history across diverse bacteria.

Twitching motility, involving type IV pili, is essential for host colonization and virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. Studies of PilY1, a tip-associated type IV pili protein, indicate that PilY1 functions as a switch between pilus extension and retraction, resulting in twitching motility. Recent work detected a calcium-binding motif in PilY1 of some animal bacterial pathogens and demonstrated that binding of calcium to PilY1 with this motif regulates twitching.

Calcium-Enhanced Twitching Motility in Xylella fastidiosa Is Linked to a Single PilY1 Homolog.

The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is restricted to the xylem vessel environment, where mineral nutrients are transported through the plant host; therefore, changes in the concentrations of these elements likely impact the growth and virulence of this bacterium. Twitching motility, dependent on type IV pili (TFP), is required for movement against the transpiration stream that results in basipetal colonization. We previously demonstrated that calcium (Ca) increases the motility of X.

Xylella fastidiosa differentially accumulates mineral elements in biofilm and planktonic cells.

Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterial plant pathogen that infects numerous plant hosts. Disease develops when the bacterium colonizes the xylem vessels and forms a biofilm. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to examine the mineral element content of this pathogen in biofilm and planktonic states.