Targeted Co-delivery of Tumor Antigen and α-Galactosylceramide to CD141 Dendritic Cells Induces a Potent Tumor Antigen-Specific Human CD8 T Cell Response in Human Immune System Mice.

Active co-delivery of tumor antigens (Ag) and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, to cross-priming CD8α dendritic cells (DCs) was previously shown to promote strong anti-tumor responses in mice. Here, we designed a nanoparticle-based vaccine able to target human CD141 (BDCA3) DCs - the equivalent of murine CD8α DCs - and deliver both tumor Ag (Melan A) and α-GalCer. This nanovaccine was inoculated into humanized mice that mimic the human immune system (HIS) and possess functional NKT cells and CD8 T cells, called HIS-CD8/NKT mice.

Doxorubicin Loaded Poloxamer Thermosensitive Hydrogels: Chemical, Pharmacological and Biological Evaluation.

(1) Background: doxorubicin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent, but it has limitations regarding its side effects and therapy resistance. Hydrogels potentially deal with these problems, but several characterizations need to be optimized to better understand how hydrogel assisted chemotherapy works. Poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogels were mixed with doxorubicin and physico-chemical, biological, and pharmacological characterizations were considered.

Co-delivery of the NKT agonist α-galactosylceramide and tumor antigens to cross-priming dendritic cells breaks tolerance to self-antigens and promotes antitumor responses.

Vaccines designed to abrogate the tolerance of tumor self-antigens and amplify cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) have promise for the treatment of cancer. Type I natural killer (NKT) cells have attracted considerable interest in the cancer therapy field. In the current study, we have exploited the unique ability of NKT cells to serve as T-helper cells to license dendritic cells (DCs) for cross priming with the aim to generate efficient CTL antitumor responses.

Enhancement of Adjuvant Functions of Natural Killer T Cells Using Nanovector Delivery Systems: Application in Anticancer Immune Therapy.

Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells have gained considerable interest in anticancer immune therapy over the last decade. This "innate-like" T lymphocyte subset has the unique ability to recognize foreign and self-derived glycolipid antigens in association with the CD1d molecule expressed by antigen-presenting cells. An important property of these cells is to bridge innate and acquired immune responses.

PLGA-encapsulated perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for simultaneous visualization of distinct cell populations by 19F MRI.

Aim: In vivo imaging using (19)F MRI is advantageous, due to its ability to quantify cell numbers, but is limited for a lack of suitable labels. Here, we formulate two stable and clinically applicable labels for tracking two populations of primary human dendritic cells (DCs) simultaneously.

Materials & Methods: Plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs are able to take up sufficient nanoparticles (200 nm) for imaging (10(12 19)F's per cell), despite being relatively nonphagocytic.

Targeted delivery of α-galactosylceramide to CD8α+ dendritic cells optimizes type I NKT cell-based antitumor responses.

Immunotherapy aiming at enhancing innate and acquired host immunity is a promising approach for cancer treatment. The invariant NKT (iNKT) cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) holds great promise in cancer therapy, although several concerns limit its use in clinics, including the uncontrolled response it promotes when delivered in a nonvectorized form. Therefore, development of delivery systems to in vivo target immune cells might be a valuable option to optimize iNKT cell-based antitumor responses.

Peptides and metallic nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

In this review, we describe the contribution of peptides to the biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles. We also discuss strategies for the preparation of peptide-nanoparticle conjugates and the synthesis of the peptides and metallic nanoparticles. An overview of the techniques used for the characterization of the conjugates is also provided.