Evidence of human impact in Antarctic region by studying atmospheric aerosols.

Air quality is a global concerning topic because of its great impact on the environment and health. Because of that, the study of atmospheric aerosols looking for harmful pollutants is rising, as well as the interest in the origin of the contaminants. Depending on the nature and size of the aerosols, some elements can be detected at a great distance from the emission source, even in Antarctica, where this study is conducted.

Characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic region using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The non-destructive spectroscopic characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) was performed to gain better knowledge of the internal structures of atmospheric aerosols at the particle level in the Antarctic region, along with their potential sources. PM and soil samples were collected during the 2016-2017 austral summer season at the surroundings of the Spanish Antarctic Research Station "Gabriel de Castilla" (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands). PM was deposited in a low-volume sampler air filter.

Aerosol analysis by micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A new protocol for particulate matter characterization in filters.

Atmospheric aerosols (particulate matter - PM) affect the air quality and climate, even in remote areas, such as the Antarctic Region. Current techniques for continuous PM monitoring are usually complex, costly, time consuming and do not provide real-time measurements. In this work, based on micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), an innovative method with an optical design and multi-elemental scanning imaging, is presented to characterize PM collected in filters from Antarctica.

Statistical Tools for Air Pollution Assessment: Multivariate and Spatial Analysis Studies in the Madrid Region.

The present work reports the distribution of pollutants in the Madrid city and province from 22 monitoring stations during 2010 to 2017. Statistical tools were used to interpret and model air pollution data. The data include the annual average concentrations of nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter (PM), collected in Madrid and its suburbs, which is one of the largest metropolitan places in Europe, and its air quality has not been studied sufficiently.

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography for direct chiral separations: a review.

Separation of enantiomers remains a challenge owing to their identical physical and chemical properties in an achiral environment, and research on specialized separation techniques such as multidimensional achiral-chiral liquid chromatography continues to resolve individual enantiomers in complex samples. Recent advances in application of multidimensional liquid chromatography applied to chiral analysis are reviewed. For this reason, benefits of achiral-chiral coupling are shown, with emphasis in applications on biological and pharmaceutical fields as well as pesticide analysis.

Determination of salbutamol by direct chiral reversed-phase HPLC using teicoplanin as stationary phase and its application to natural water analysis.

A direct chiral LC-UV method was optimized for the determination of salbutamol (SAL) β2 -agonist in environmental water. Two commercially available columns were evaluated: teicoplanin Chirobiotic-T™ (150 × 2.1 mm i.

Direct chiral determination of free amino acid enantiomers by two-dimensional liquid chromatography: application to control transformations in E-beam irradiated foodstuffs.

Changes in free amino acids content and its potential racemization in ready-to-eat foods treated with E-beam irradiation between 1 and 8 kGy for sanitation purposes were studied. A simple heart cut two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatographic method (LC-LC) for the simultaneous enantiomeric determination of three pairs of amino acids used as markers (tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) is presented. The proposed method involves the use of two chromatographs in an LC-LC achiral-chiral coupling.

One- and two-dimensional direct chiral liquid chromatographic determination of mixtures of diclofop-Acid and diclofop-methyl herbicides.

Simple one- and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for the simultaneous enantiomeric determination of alkyloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides is presented. Compounds studied were ( R, S)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionic acid (diclofop-acid) and ( R, S)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)]methyl propionate (diclofop-methyl). Mobile phases necessary to separate their enantiomers on an alpha1-acid glycoprotein chiral stationary phase are different; therefore, the simultaneous separation by an isocratic mode is not possible.