Chlorine Dioxide: Antiviral That Reduces the Spread of ToBRFV in Tomato ( L.) Plants.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), being a mechanically transmitted disease, is usually difficult to control; therefore, an effective alternative to reduce transmission and replication in the crop is by spraying with chlorine dioxide (ClO) during routine crop management. In this research, the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO) for ToBRFV management in a greenhouse and open field was determined. The phytotoxicity of ClO and its effective concentration against ToBRFV in plants were evaluated.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the first seven days of sepsis and mortality.

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of sepsis has been found to be higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and that is associated with mortality. A higher NLR in non-survivors than in survivors has been reported in two studies during patient follow-up; however, NLR was not controlled for sepsis severity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between NLR in the first seven days and mortality controlling for sepsis severity.

Mortality prediction of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by serum soluble Fas ligand concentrations.

Background: A study of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH) found a higher content of Fas ligand in the perihematomic brain area compared to healthy brain areas. The objective of this study was to analyze whether blood soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) concentrations could be used to estimate the prognosis of SIH patients.

Methods: Observational and prospective study performed in five Spanish Intensive Care Units.

Imaging infections in patients using pathogen-specific positron emission tomography.

represent the largest group of bacterial pathogens in humans and are responsible for severe, deep-seated infections, often resulting in sepsis or death. They are also a prominent cause of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections, and some species are recognized as biothreat pathogens. Tools for noninvasive, whole-body analysis that can localize a pathogen with specificity are needed, but no such technology currently exists.

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the first seven days of sepsis and mortality.

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of sepsis has been found to be higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and that is associated with mortality. A higher NLR in non-survivors than in survivors has been reported in two studies during patient follow-up; however, NLR was not controlled for sepsis severity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between NLR in the first seven days and mortality controlling for sepsis severity.

Association between serum sFasL concentrations and sepsis mortality.

Background: There are scarce data on soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL), one of the main ligands that activate the apoptosis extrinsic pathway, in septic patients. In a small study of septic children were found higher plasma sFasL levels in non-survivors compared with survivors; however, an association between blood sFasL levels and mortality controlling for sepsis severity was not stablished due to the small sample size of the study. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between blood sFasL concentrations and mortality in septic patients controlling for sepsis severity.

Approach to ocular toxoplasmosis including pregnant women.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss available information on the effectiveness of anti-toxoplasma therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis and to provide clinicians with a practical approach to the disease.

Recent Findings: Only eleven randomized studies were identified. In the three studies for acute retinitis, there was a clear trend in favor of treatment.

[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome secondary to cytomegalovirus encephalitis: A case report].

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the opportunistic microorganisms with the highest prevalence in immunocompromised patients. Reactivation has decreased after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Encephalitis has been reported in the coinfection as one of the most frequent presentations.

A Phase Ib open label, randomized, safety study of SANGUINATE™ in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Background: Treatment of sickle cell anemia is a challenging task and despite the well understood genetic and biochemical pathway of sickle hemoglobin, current therapy continues to be limited to the symptomatic treatment of pain, supplemental oxygen, antibiotics, red blood cell transfusions and hydroxyurea. SANGUINATE is a carbon monoxide releasing molecule and oxygen transfer agent under clinical development for the treatment of sickle cell anemia and comorbidities.

Methods: An open-label randomized Phase Ib study was performed in adult sickle cell anemia patients.

Antifungal prophylaxis following heart transplantation: systematic review.

Patients with heart transplantation have a high incidence of infectious complications, especially fungal infections. The aim of the systematic review was to determine the best pharmacological strategy to prevent fungal infections among patients with heart transplant. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies reporting the effectivenesss of pharmacologic strategies to prevent fungal infections in adult patient with a heart transplant.

Drugs for treating giardiasis.

Background: Giardiasis infection may be asymptomatic, or can cause diarrhoea (sometimes severe), weight loss, malabsorption, and, in children, failure to thrive. It is usually treated with metronidazole given three times daily for five to 10 days.

Objectives: To evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative antibiotic regimens for treating adults or children with symptomatic giardiasis.

Lipoabdominoplasty: the Saldanha technique.

Traditional abdominal plastic surgery results in a high rate of morbidity because of the necessity for a large undermining of the flap. In 2001, Saldanha, using the term "lipoabdominoplasty" for the first time, standardized a selective undermining, corresponding to 30% of the traditional undermining, between the medial borders of the rectus abdominal muscles. This procedure combines 2 traditional techniques, abdominoplasty and liposuction.

Complications of Bothrops, Porthidium, and Bothriechis snakebites in Colombia. A clinical and epidemiological study of 39 cases attended in a university hospital.

The clinical and epidemiological features, as well as complications presented by 39 patients with Bothrops, Porthidium and Bothriechis snakebites, are described. Patients were admitted during 1 year in 25 hospitals of Antioquia and Chocó and then, they were transferred to the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl in Medellín, 30 of them because of the presence of complications, eight because of lack of antivenoms and another one because of the desire of his relatives. Thirty--one (79.