Publications by authors named "Luis Savastano"

Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) is rapidly emerging as a valuable intervention to decrease the risk of recurrent subdural hematoma (SDH) after surgical evacuation. The role of upfront bilateral MMAe for unilateral SDH and the value of contralateral MMAe after SDH recurrence post evacuation and ipsilateral MMAe are still unknown. Here, we report the case of an elderly patient that presented with a large acute on chronic SDH and underwent surgical drainage and ipsilateral MMAe (with Contour PVA particles, 150-250 µm).

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Article Synopsis
  • The management of carotid artery disease has predominantly relied on the degree of stenosis, but new research indicates that features like intraplaque hemorrhage can provide better diagnostic and treatment insights.
  • Current guidelines often overlook less than 50% stenosis cases, which can lead to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatments for potential stroke causes, leaving many patients untreated.
  • There is a push to reclassify certain strokes as symptomatic nonstenotic carotid disease when high-risk plaque features are present, and this review discusses historical practices, modern biomarkers of plaque vulnerability, imaging tools, and recent studies on this emerging classification.
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  • Teleoperated Interventional Robotic systems (TIRs) aim to reduce radiation exposure for physicians and improve accuracy, but their adoption is hindered by control interfaces that are not intuitive compared to traditional methods.
  • The research introduces a new control mechanism using an enhanced torque device paired with real-time motion mapping, designed to preserve the tactile feedback and muscle memory that interventionalists rely on.
  • Testing showed a low tracking error with the new interface, and though slightly larger and heavier than traditional devices, it offers a more intuitive solution that could lead to broader acceptance of robotic assistance in medical procedures.
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Thalamic cavernous malformations are challenging lesions to approach given their deep location and proximity to eloquent neurovascular structures. Several approaches to this region exist, and small nuances in the location of the lesion dictate different surgical trajectories. For cavernous malformations presenting to the superomedial surface of the thalamus, the interhemispheric transcallosal approach affords an excellent trajectory as the anterior two-thirds of the superomedial thalamus constitutes the lateral aspect of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle.

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Background: Intracranial dural arteriovenous (AV) fistula classifications focus on presence/absence of retrograde flow in the cortical veins of the brain as this angiographic finding portends a worse prognosis. However, prior categorization systems of AV shunts in the spine do not incorporate these features. We propose an updated classification for spinal shunting lesions that terms any shunting lesion with retrograde flow in any cortical vein of the brain or spinal cord medullary vein as "high risk".

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Purpose Of Review: Glioblastoma remains resistant to most conventional treatments. Despite scientific advances in the past three decades, there has been a dearth of effective new treatments. New approaches to drug delivery and clinical trial design are needed.

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Background: Remarkable interest is rising around middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) as an emerging alternative therapy for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). The study aims to highlight a large center experience and the variables associated with treatment failure and build experimental machine learning (ML) models for outcome prediction.

Material And Methods: A 2-year experience in MMAE for managing patients with chronic subdural hematoma was analyzed.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in cerebrovascular neurosurgery and propose a framework for their future use in research.
  • The authors conducted a literature search identifying 259 studies and classified 51 PROMs, finding that most were generic or symptom-specific, with only five being disease-specific.
  • The findings highlight the need for more disease-specific PROMs in cerebrovascular research and advocate for further validation and development to improve patient understanding of treatment impacts.
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This is a case report of an adult with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) who underwent endovascular treatment for middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization. There was a prominent meningo-ophthalmic branch with an absence of an ophthalmic artery from the internal carotid artery. MMA embolization was performed utilizing particles with no complications and the resolution of the cSDH was within 4 months.

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Endovascular recanalization is increasingly being utilized in symptomatic patients with chronically occluded carotid arteries. In carefully selected patients, endovascular recanalization has shown to lower the risk of ischemic events when compared to medical management alone.1 However, successful endovascular revascularization is technically challenging and not without risk.

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Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become standard for large vessel occlusions, but rates of complete recanalization are suboptimal. Previous reports correlated radiographic signs with clot composition and a better response to specific techniques. Therefore, understanding clot composition may allow improved outcomes.

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Background: Little is known about the association between carotid artery tortuosity and internal carotid artery atherosclerosis. This study sought to evaluate the associations between various types of arterial tortuosity and vulnerable plaque components on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Material And Methods: A retrospective review was completed of 102 patients who had undergone MRA neck imaging, with intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) present in one or both cervical internal carotid arteries (ICA).

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. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which involves a surgical procedure to place electrodes directly on the vagus nerve (VN), is approved clinically for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and to facilitate rehabilitation in stroke. VNS at surgically implanted electrodes is often limited by activation of motor nerve fibers near and within the VN that cause neck muscle contraction.

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Background And Purpose: Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in carotid atherosclerosis demonstrates increased signal on magnetic resonance angiography images. Little remains known about how this signal changes on subsequent examinations.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study was completed of patients that had IPH on a neck MRA between 1/1/2016 and 3/25/2021, defined as ≥ 200 % signal intensity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on MPRAGE images.

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Atherosclerotic disease is the most common etiology in causing posterior circulation strokes and can be found within the intracranial vertebrobasilar system. Endovascular and surgical approaches to treat this disease have been defined with both advantages and disadvantages. We present a case of surgical revascularization of a complex case of vertebrobasilar insufficiency with occipital artery (OA)-anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) bypass (Video 1).

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Pituitary adenomas (PAs) have been shown to cause excess cardiovascular disease comorbidity and mortality. Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is a small subset of cardiovascular disease with high morbidity, and its risk in patients with pituitary adenomas has been sparingly explored. In this review, we examine what is known about the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in patients with PAs, from its initial discovery in 1970 to present.

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Purpose: This study aims to define the process of designing and manufacturing 3D printed and glass models of the pulmonary artery (PA) and utilizing them in a test bed for evaluation of devices for mechanical thrombectomy of pulmonary embolism (PE).

Materials And Methods: Patient derived computed tomography angiography (CTA) images of the PA were digitally converted into a hollowed-out structure and translated into clear 3D printed and glass models. A test bed was created using a peristaltic pump and silicone tubing connected to the models.

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Background: This study characterized vessel wall imaging (VWI) features of Moyamoya disease (MMD) in a predominantly adult population at a North American center.

Methods: Consecutive patients with VWI were included. Twelve arterial segments were analyzed for wall thickening, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, and remodeling.

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The sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including regulation of homeostatic functions, maintenance of the circadian rhythms, and neuronal disruption and recovery after injury. Of special interest is focus on the role of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in regulating the daily changes in pineal function. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion (SCGx) and decentralization have served as valuable microsurgical models to investigate the effects of surgical denervation on this gland or organ.

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Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a mainstay treatment in people with medically refractive epilepsy with a growing interest to identify biomarkers that are predictive of VNS efficacy. In this review, we looked at electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters as potential biomarkers.

Methodology: A comprehensive search of several databases limited to the English language and excluding animal studies was conducted.

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Background: Embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is a promising minimally invasive technique that is gaining traction in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Unfortunately, the human meninges and associated arteries are significantly larger than those of conventional laboratory animals, making the development of a clinically relevant animal model for testing of embolization agents elusive.

Objective: To introduce the posterior intercostal artery (PIA) model in swine and provide anatomical, angiographic, histological, and procedural data to validate its relevance in modeling the human MMA.

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Michelangelo's unparalleled frescoes in the Sistine Chapel have been traditionally construed to represent the traditional, Roman Catholic interpretation of the Seven Days of Creation in the Book of Genesis and the Last Judgement. Indeed, in September 2018, Pope Francis I offered a benediction for the Vatican's art treasures and for "those who contributed to the Church's history through art." A number of studies have suggested that Michelangelo concealed anatomic information about the human brain in his renderings of God and biblical prophets and saints.

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