Elevated soluble fas blood concentrations in patients dying from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Several studies of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) patients have shown apoptotic changes in brain samples after hematoma evacuation. However, there have been no data on the association between blood concentrations of soluble fas (sFas) (the main surface death receptor of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway) and the prognosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) patients.

Aim: To determine whether there is an association between blood sFas concentrations and SICH patient mortality.

Blood soluble Fas concentrations and ischemic stroke patient mortality.

Background: Fas is a major receptor for cell death by apoptosis. Higher blood concentrations of soluble Fas (sFas) have been reported in patients with ischemic stroke compared to control subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the existence or not of an association between blood sFas concentrations and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke.

High blood Fas concentrations in non-survivor patients with traumatic brain injury.

Fas is one of the main death receptors of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. A study has reported higher Fas expression in brain samples of non-surviving TBI patients than in survivors. The objective of our current study was to determine whether there is an association between Fas concentrations in blood and mortality of isolated TBI patients.

Mortality prediction of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage by serum soluble Fas ligand concentrations.

Background: A study of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH) found a higher content of Fas ligand in the perihematomic brain area compared to healthy brain areas. The objective of this study was to analyze whether blood soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) concentrations could be used to estimate the prognosis of SIH patients.

Methods: Observational and prospective study performed in five Spanish Intensive Care Units.

Association between serum concentrations of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 protein and traumatic brain injury mortality.

Background: There are scarce and contradictory data existing about B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), one of the Bcl2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins, in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether blood concentrations of Bcl2 are associated with mortality.

Methods: Patients with isolated and severe TBI, defined as <10 points of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects and <9 points in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), were included.

Mortality of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage patients and high serum caspase-8 concentrations.

Purpose: Apoptotic changes in brain samples have been found in haematoma areas of patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SIH) undergoing surgical haematoma evacuation. However, circulating caspase-8 concentrations in SIH patients have not been described. Thus, we carried out this study with the aim to explore whether there is an association of circulating caspase-8 concentrations and mortality in patients with SIH.

Serum melatonin levels in predicting mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: A secondary brain injury could appear after traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to neuroinflammation, oxidation and apoptosis. Higher levels of serum melatonin have been found on admission for TBI in non-surviving than in surviving patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to know serum melatonin levels during the first week of TBI in surviving and non-surviving patients, and to know if serum melatonin levels during the first week of TBI can be used to predict mortality.

Serum tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 levels at any moment of the first week of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage may predict early mortality.

To determine whether serum levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 during the first week after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH) could be used for mortality prediction. We included 117 patients with severe supratentorial SIH (defined as Glasgow Coma Scale <9). We determined serum concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 at days 1, 4 and 8 of severe SIH diagnosis.

Mortality prediction by serum melatonin levels of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: In one study, higher serum melatonin levels have been reported at diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in non-surviving than in surviving patients. Now, we carried out this study with the aims to explore whether blood melatonin concentrations in the first 7 days of ICH are different in survivor and non-survivor patients and whether are useful in the prediction of mortality.

Methods: Six Spanish hospitals participated in this observational study of patients with severe supratentorial ICH (defining severe as Glasgow Coma Scale < 9).

Blood concentrations of proapoptotic sFas and antiapoptotic Bcl2 and COVID-19 patient mortality.

There are no data on circulating concentrations of sFas (proapoptotic protein of extrinsic pathway) and Bcl2 (antiapoptotic protein of intrinsic pathway) in COVID-19 patients. Thus, our objective study was to determine whether an association exists between serum concentrations of sFas and Bcl2 and COVID-19 patient mortality. This observational and prospective study of COVID-19 patients was performed in eight Intensive Care Units (ICU) from Canary Islands (Spain).

Low blood caspase-8 levels in survivor patients of traumatic brain injury.

Objective: High concentrations of caspase-8 (main initiator caspase of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis) have been found in brain tissue of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in the blood of patients with different diseases. However, blood caspase-8 concentrations in TBI patients have not been reported. Therefore, our aim was to analyze whether blood caspase-8 concentrations are associated with mortality in TBI patients.

Serum Levels of B-cell Lymphoma-2 Anti-Apoptotic Protein and Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction Mortality.

Introduction And Goal: There is scarce and contradictory data on B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), member of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic molecules family of intrinsic apoptosis pathway, in ischemic stroke patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between blood Bcl2 concentrations and mortality of ischemic stroke patients.

Material And Methods: Five Intensive Care Units participated in this prospective and observational study of patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI).

DNA and RNA Oxidative Damage and Mortality of Patients With COVID-19.

Background: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) oxidative damage is associated with mortality of patients with different diseases. However, there are no data about DNA and RNA oxidative damage from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore DNA and RNA oxidative damage in surviving and non-surviving COVID-19 patients.

Serum B cell lymphoma-2 concentrations and mortality of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: There is scarce data on B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), a member of the Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic molecules of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH). In one study, higher serum Bcl2 levels were found in patients with SIH than in healthy subjects. Thus, the objective of our study was to compare serum Bcl2 levels in surviving and non-surviving SIH patients.

High Serum Soluble Fas Ligand Levels in Non-survivor Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Purpose: Soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) is one of the main ligands that activates the apoptosis extrinsic pathway. Higher expression of FasL in brain samples and higher cerebrospinal fluid FasL concentrations in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients than in controls have been found. However, the potential association between blood sFasL concentrations and TBI mortality has not been reported.

Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. However, no association between RDW and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported so far; thus, the objective of this study was to determine if that association exists.

Methods: Prospective and observational study carried out in 8 Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals of Canary Islands (Spain) including COVID-19 patients.

Mortality prediction of ischemic stroke patients without thrombectomy by blood total antioxidant capacity.

It has been previously established that total antioxidant capacity concentrations of blood on the first day of ischemic stroke could predict mortality. Therefore, our study objective was to determine whether total antioxidant capacity concentrations in the blood during the first week of a cerebral infarction could help predict mortality. We included severe and malignant middle cerebral artery infarction patients (affecting 50% or more of the territory in computed tomography and a score of nine or fewer points in the Glasgow Coma Scale).

High serum levels of TAC and early mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.

Objective: Oxidation contributes to secondary brain injury after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SIH). One study found lower levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the blood in patients with SIH than in healthy subjects. However, there are no data on blood TAC levels and survival in patients with SIH.

Red blood cell distribution width as mortality biomarker in patients with traumatic brain injury.

One study found higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on the admission of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in non-surviving patients; however, a regression analysis was not carried out to establish an association between RDW and TBI mortality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine whether there is an association between RDW and TBI mortality, and to describe the temporal profile of RDW during the first week. Isolated (< 10 points in non-cranial aspects of Injury Severity Score) and severe (< 9 points in Glasgow Coma Scale) TBI patients were included.

Serum substance P levels and early mortality of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage patients.

Introduction And Goal: Substance P, a neuropeptide of the tachykinin family, is involved in the neuroinflammation of different diseases of the central nervous system. To our knowledge, there is no published data on the level of circulating substance P levels in the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, the objectives of this observational and prospective study were to determine whether serum substance P levels in ICH patients were associated with early mortality and whether could be used in the mortality prognostic.

Early Mortality of Brain Infarction Patients and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width.

Background: Meta-analysis has found that high baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with increased long-term mortality (mortality at one year or more) in ischemic stroke. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is an association between RDW and 30-day mortality, and to explore whether RDW during the first week of ischemic stroke could be a 30-day mortality biomarker.

Methods: We included patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI).