InterobServer AgreeMent in Pd-l1 evaLuatIoN on cytoloGical samples-SAMPLING project: A multi-institutional, international study.

Introduction: The aim of this project is to assess interobserver agreement for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) scoring on of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on cytological specimens in a large-scale multicenter study, by exploiting the cell block-derived tissue microarray (cbTMA) approach.

Methods: A total of 65 cell blocks (CB) diagnosed as NSCLC were retrospectively collected and selected for TMA preparation. Hematoxylin-eosin and PD-L1 stained slides were digitized and uploaded on a free web sharing platform.

Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease and Downhill Varices: Separate Clinical Entities?

Introduction: Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is an entity characterized by the absence of histologic liver cirrhosis and the detection of specific or non-specific histological findings, irrespective of the presence of portal hypertension (PHT). The pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), independently of the presence of PHT, can be associated with an increase in central venous pressure, which can rarely lead to the development of downhill varices in the proximal esophagus.

Extended repertoire of CXC chemokines acting as agonists and antagonists of the human and murine atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2.

Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are a subfamily of important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, ACKR2 has long been considered as a scavenger of multiple inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. Recently, we demonstrated the ability of ACKR2 to scavenge the CXC chemokine CXCL10, previously reported to bind solely the classical receptor CXCR3.

Description of Sheep Pox Outbreak in Spain in 2022-2023: Challenges Found and Lessons Learnt in Relation with Control and Eradication of This Disease.

Sheep pox and goat pox are infectious viral diseases that affect ovine and caprine animals and are caused by two viruses of the family , genus . Sheep pox has been traditionally endemic in Africa, the Middle East, and several Southeast Asian countries, but it is considered a transboundary disease capable of affecting previously free countries epidemically. It is a disease of compulsory immediate notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the European Union (EU).

Welcoming the new, revisiting the old: a brief glance at cytopathology reporting systems for lung, pancreas, and thyroid.

This review addresses new reporting systems for lung and pancreatobiliary cytopathology as well as the most recent edition of The Bethesda Reporting System for Thyroid Cytopathology. The review spans past, present, and future aspects within the context of the intricate interplay between traditional morphological assessments and cutting-edge molecular diagnostics. For lung and pancreas, the authors discuss the evolution of reporting systems, emphasizing the bridge between past directives and more recent collaborative efforts of the International Academy of Cytology and the World Health Organization in shaping universal reporting systems.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Navigating the pathways of progress in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a form of precapillary pulmonary hypertension caused by a complex process of endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. If left untreated, this progressive disease presents with symptoms of incapacitating fatigue causing marked loss of quality of life, eventually culminating in right ventricular failure and death. Patient management is complex and based on accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment initiation, with close monitoring of response and disease progression.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is part of group 4 of the pulmonary hypertension (PH) classification and generally affects more than a third of patients referred to PH centers. It is a three-compartment disease involving proximal (lobar-to-segmental) and distal (subsegmental) pulmonary arteries that are obstructed by persistent fibrothrombotic material, and precapillary pulmonary arteries that can be affected as in pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is a rare complication of pulmonary embolism (PE), with an incidence of around 3% in PE survivors.

Intracorporeal anastomosis could be associated with a higher lymph node yield in right colon cancer surgery: Results of the ICA-LATAM study, a retrospective, multicentre, comparative analysis in Latin America.

Aim: The aim of this work was to compare lymph node (LN) yield in patients operated on for right colon cancer (RCC) using a laparoscopic approach between those receiving an intracorporeal (ICA) or extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA).

Method: This is a retrospective multicentre study involving patients operated on for RCC in nine tertiary referral centres in Latin America during a 2-year period. The main comparative outcome between groups was the number of LNs harvested between groups.

Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Techniques of Sea Urchin (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae): Broodstock Conditioning and Spawning Induction.

In response to the growing demand for sea urchin gonads (roe or uni) in Asian and European markets and the concerns regarding the overexploitation of wild populations, this preliminary study addresses the need for cost-effective protocols in echinoculture. The primary focus of this research was to evaluate the gonadosomatic index (GI) in captive-conditioned over a five-month period and compare it with that of their wild-caught conspecifics. Additionally, two different spawning induction methods were assessed: potassium chloride (KCl) injection and agitation.

Neutronics Simulations for DEMO Diagnostics.

One of the main challenges in the development of a plasma diagnostic and control system for DEMO is the need to cope with unprecedented radiation levels in a tokamak during long operation periods. A list of diagnostics required for plasma control has been developed during the pre-conceptual design phase. Different approaches are proposed for the integration of these diagnostics in DEMO: in equatorial and upper ports, in the divertor cassette, on the inner and outer surfaces of the vacuum vessel and in diagnostic slim cassettes, a modular approach developed for diagnostics requiring access to the plasma from several poloidal positions.

Hepatic Progenitor Cells in the Form of Ductular Structures within a GIST Liver Metastasis: Supporting a Putative Role in the Hepatic Metastatic Niche.

Introduction: Recent studies have highlighted the presence of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in metastatic liver carcinomas. We provide further evidence of this phenomenon, presenting a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) liver metastasis with evidence of intra- and peritumoral HPC.

Case Description: A 64-year-old man presented with a gastric mass diagnosed as a high-risk KIT-mutated GIST.

New pairings and deorphanization among the atypical chemokine receptor family - physiological and clinical relevance.

Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) form a small subfamily of receptors (ACKR1-4) unable to trigger G protein-dependent signaling in response to their ligands. They do, however, play a crucial regulatory role in chemokine biology by capturing, scavenging or transporting chemokines, thereby regulating their availability and signaling through classical chemokine receptors. ACKRs add thus another layer of complexity to the intricate chemokine-receptor interaction network.

Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of Microwave Reflectometry for Plasma Position and Shape Control on Future Nuclear Fusion Devices.

Providing energy from fusion and finding ways to scale up the fusion process to commercial proportions in an efficient, economical, and environmentally benign way is one of the grand challenges for engineering. Controlling the burning plasma in real-time is one of the critical issues that need to be addressed. Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) is expected to have an important role in next-generation fusion machines, such as DEMO, as a diagnostic to monitor the position and shape of the plasma continuously, complementing magnetic diagnostics.

Chemokine CXCL4 interactions with extracellular matrix proteoglycans mediate widespread immune cell recruitment independent of chemokine receptors.

Leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into tissues is a crucial component of the immune system but is also key to inflammatory disease. Chemokines are central to this process but have yet to be therapeutically targeted during inflammation due to a lack of mechanistic understanding. Specifically, CXCL4 (Platelet Factor 4, PF4) has no established receptor that explains its function.

The effects of evolution on the stability of competing species.

Based on evolutionary game theory and Darwinian evolution, we propose and study discrete-time competition models of two species where at least one species has an evolving trait that affects their intra-specific, but not their inter-specific competition coefficients. By using perturbation theory, and the theory of the limiting equations of non-autonomous discrete dynamical systems, we obtain global stability results. Our theoretical results indicate that evolution may promote and/or suppress the stability of the coexistence equilibrium depending on the environment.

ITER collective Thomson scattering-Preparing to diagnose fusion-born alpha particles (invited).

The ITER Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic will measure the dynamics of fusion-born alpha particles in the burning ITER plasma by scattering a 1 MW 60 GHz gyrotron beam off fast-ion induced fluctuations in the plasma. The diagnostic will have seven measurement volumes across the ITER cross section and will resolve the alpha particle energies in the range from 300 keV to 3.5 MeV; importantly, the CTS diagnostic is the only diagnostic capable of measuring confined alpha particles for energies below ∼1.

Real-time transmission of geometrically-shaped signals using a software-defined GPU-based optical receiver.

A software-defined optical receiver is implemented on an off-the-shelf commercial graphics processing unit (GPU). The receiver provides real-time signal processing functionality to process 1 GBaud minimum phase (MP) 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, 64-, 128-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) as well as geometrically shaped (GS) 8- and 128-QAM signals using Kramers-Kronig (KK) coherent detection. Experimental validation of this receiver over a 91 km field-deployed optical fiber link between two Tokyo locations is shown with detailed optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) investigations.

Nanoluciferase-based complementation assay for systematic profiling of GPCR-GRK interactions.

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are a family of seven soluble receptor-modifying enzymes which are essential regulators of GPCR activity. Following agonist-induced receptor activation and G protein dissociation, GRKs prime the receptor for desensitization through phosphorylation of its C terminus, which subsequently allows arrestins to bind and initiate the receptor internalization process. While GRKs constitute key GPCR-interacting proteins, to date, no method has been put forward to readily and systematically determine the preference of a specific GPCR towards the seven different GRKs (GRK1-7).

Nanoluciferase-based methods to monitor activation, modulation and trafficking of atypical chemokine receptors.

Chemokines regulate directed cell migration, proliferation and survival and are key components in various physiological and pathological processes. They exert their functions by interacting with seven-transmembrane domain receptors that signal through G proteins (GPCRs). Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) play important roles in the chemokine-receptor network by regulating chemokine bioavailability for the classical receptors through chemokine sequestration, scavenging or transport.

Demonstration of a 90 Tb/s, 234.8 km, C+L band unrepeatered SSMF link with bidirectional Raman amplification.

This work demonstrates the use of bidirectional Raman amplification to achieve an unrepeatered 234 km link using standard single mode fibers and with a capacity×distance product of 21.132 Pb/s·km. A throughput above 90 Tb/s is achieved with an 87 nm wavelength-division multiplexed signal carrying 424 PDM-64QAM signals at 24.