Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats.

Background: Cognition and brain function is critical through childhood and should be improved with balanced diets. Incorporating bioactive ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and probiotics into food formulations could be used as an approach to improve cognitive function. This study evaluated the effects on cognitive capacity of complementing rodent diets with chocolate, by itself and in combination with ω3 PUFAs from fish oil and probiotics.

Effect of consumption of blue maize tortilla on anxiety-like behaviour, learning, memory and hippocampal BDNF expression in a chronic stress model in rats.

Background: Pigmented maize consumption is of much interest because of its high anthocyanin content and multiple health benefits.

Objetives: This study was aimed to assess the effect of consuming blue maize tortillas on the anxiolytic capacity, preserve emotional memory, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats subjected to chronic stress.

Methods: Sixty-four 3-month-old male Wistar rats were used, divided into eight groups ( = 8).