In vitro release of new designs of modified-release tramadol hydrochloride included in a polymer matrix.

Tramadol reaches therapeutic plasma concentrations in a time interval of 0.5 to 1.7 hours, so it is necessary to dose 4 times/day, which reduces compliance with the dose and the effectiveness of the treatment.

[Experimental bacterial contamination of bile and liver in mongrel dogs: an alternative treatment with cephalone, a hybrid of cephalosporine fluoroquinolone].

Objectives: A longitudinal, randomized, single blind study was done to evaluate the efficacy of an antibacterial hybrid molecule (beta-lactamic-fluoroquinolone) named cephalone after biliary-enteric-bypass (BEB).

Material And Methods: Four groups of mongrel dogs were operated on three consecutive periods. Cultures of bile and liver were obtained and assessed, followed by obliteration of common bile duct and BEB to groups A, B and C.