Treatment Of Sunitinib-Induced Hypertension In Solid Tumors By Nitric Oxid Donors.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) are overexpressed in the majority of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). This characteristic has supported the rationale of targeting VEGF-driven tumour vascularization, especially in clear cell RCC. VEGF-inhibiting strategies include the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, axitinib, pazopanib, and sorafenib) and neutralizing antibodies such as bevacizumab.

Circulating miR-200c and miR-141 and outcomes in patients with breast cancer.

Background: The deregulation of microRNAs in both tumours and blood has led to the search for microRNAs to indicate the presence of cancer and predict prognosis. We hypothesize the deregulation of miR-200c/miR-141 in the whole blood can identify breast cancer (BC), and could be developed into a prognostic signature.

Methods: The expression of miR-200c and miR-141 were examined in bloods (57 stage I-IV BC patients and 20 age-matched controls) by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR.

Radium-223 dichloride: a new paradigm in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Radionuclides have been widely used for cancer treatment. Recently, new research about radium-223 dichloride has been conducted in prostate cancer, which reveals that it is the first radiopharmaceutical to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival and time to first symptomatic skeletal event in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases. This fact has created a new paradigm in the treatment of prostate cancer landscape, where only chemotherapy and hormone therapy had a role, while β-emitters had been confined exclusively to the role of pain relief with no impact on survival.

Cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety data from the Spanish expanded access program.

Background: Based on the TROPIC study results, cabazitaxel was approved for the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing on or after docetaxel.

Methods: This multi-centre program provided early access to cabazitaxel to patients with mCRPC before its commercialization. Safety data from 153 Spanish patients receiving cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) i.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: changing landscape with cabazitaxel.

Docetaxel is the standard first-line chemotherapy for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Until recently, there was no standard therapy after failure of docetaxel treatment. Cabazitaxel has been shown to improve overall survival in this setting.

MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood samples predicts resistance to first-line sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients.

Anti-angiogenic therapy benefits many patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but there is still a need for predictive markers that help in selecting the best therapy for individual patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cancer cell behavior and may be attractive biomarkers for prognosis and prediction of response. Forty-four patients with RCC were recruited into this observational prospective study conducted in nine Spanish institutions.

Crossing paths in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (hRCC).

Historically, cell-signaling pathways have been studied as the compilation of isolated elements into a unique cascade that transmits extracellular stimuli to the tumor cell nucleus. Today, growing evidence supports the fact that intracellular drivers of tumor progression do not flow in a single linear pathway, but disseminate into multiple intracellular pathways. An improved understanding of the complexity of cancer depends on the elucidation of the underlying regulatory networks at the cellular and intercellular levels and in their temporal dimension.

Circulating miR-200c as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.

Background: MicroRNAs are aberrantly expressed and correlate with tumourigenesis and the progression of solid tumours. The miR-200 family determines the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells and regulates invasiveness and migration. Thus, we hypothesised that the quantitative detection of the miR-200 family as epithelial-specific microRNAs in the blood could be a useful clinical biomarker for gastric cancer (GC).

State of the art in silico tools for the study of signaling pathways in cancer.

In the last several years, researchers have exhibited an intense interest in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that have crucial roles during embryonic development. Interestingly, the malfunctioning of these signaling pathways leads to several human diseases, including cancer. The chemical and biophysical events that occur during cellular signaling, as well as the number of interactions within a signaling pathway, make these systems complex to study.

Evaluation of the adenocarcinoma-associated gene AGR2 and the intestinal stem cell marker LGR5 as biomarkers in colorectal cancer.

We aim to estimate the diagnostic performances of anterior gradient homolog-2 (AGR2) and Leucine-rich repeat-containing-G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in peripheral blood (PB) as mRNA biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore their prognostic significance. Real-time PCR was used to analyze AGR2 and LGR5 in 54 stages I-IV CRC patients and 19 controls. Both mRNAs were significantly increased in PB from CRC patients compared to controls.

Sunitinib-induced asthenia: from molecular basis to clinical relief.

Asthenia-fatigue syndrome (AFS) is defined as a persistent, subjective sense of tiredness related to cancer or its treatment and greatly impacts quality of life among cancer patients. All tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but especially sunitinib, may induce AFS. The reason for sunitinib-induced AFS is not yet well understood.

Prognostic impact of disseminated tumor cells and microRNA-17-92 cluster deregulation in gastrointestinal cancer.

The presence of tumor cells in the bone marrow (BM) could be relevant to identifying high risk of disease progression and death in gastrointestinal cancer. However, the molecular profile associated with disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) homing to the BM has yet to be defined. MicroRNAs (miRNA) play key roles in cellular processes implicated in cancer.

Experience in the use of sunitinib given as a single agent in metastatic chemoresistant and castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) correlate with poor prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Sunitinib has shown activity in CRPC and at the time of this analysis there was no standard therapy for docetaxel-refractory CRPC.

Methods: We present a case series data collection of 19 patients with a median age of 73 years, CRPC and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Glucose transporter expression and the potential role of fructose in renal cell carcinoma: A correlation with pathological parameters.

All mammalian cells contain one or more members of the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) gene family. Glucose transporter membrane proteins (GLUT) regulate the movement of glucose between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, maintaining a constant supply of glucose available for metabolism. Tumor cells are highly energy-dependent, therefore GLUT overexpression is often observed.

Stem cell and lung cancer development: blaming the Wnt, Hh and Notch signalling pathway.

Primary lung cancer may arise from the central (bronchial) or peripheral (bronchiolo-alveolar) compartments. However the origins of the different histological types of primary lung cancer are not well understood. Stem cells are believed to be crucial players in tumour development and there is much interest in identifying those compartments that harbour stem cells involved in lung cancer.

Molecular basis of hypertension side effects induced by sunitinib.

Over the past decade a number of vascular complications have emerged, such as newly developed or worsened hypertension, in patients who were administered with new cancer treatments for several types of cancer that were untreatable earlier. Hypertension is emerging as one of the most common adverse effects of therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors. Small-molecule inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling are associated with a high proportion of patients with hypertension.

Evaluation of plakophilin-3 mRNA as a biomarker for detection of circulating tumor cells in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

Background: This study aims to assess Plakophilin-3 (PKP3) as a surrogate biomarker of circulating tumor cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: The primary aim is to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of PKP3 real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR in blood. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed.

Renal cell carcinoma: complete pathological response in a patient with gastric metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

A 75-year-old-man, with a 2-month history of abdominal pain, underwent a standard diagnostic workup that included a CT scan that showed a large right renal mass and subcentimeter nodes in the right and left lung lobes. In December 2003, the patient underwent right nephrectomy with adrenalectomy and a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (pT3N0M0 stage) was made. No further treatment was proposed and patient was followed up regularly.

Comprehensive lung injury pathology induced by mTOR inhibitors.

Interstitial lung disease is a rare side effect of temsirolimus treatment in renal cancer patients. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix collagen, fibroblast proliferation and migration, and loss of alveolar gas exchange units. Previous studies of pulmonary fibrosis have mainly focused on the fibroproliferative process in the lungs.

Expression of Wnt gene family and frizzled receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Genes of the Wnt and Frizzled class, expressed in HNSCC tissue and cell lines, have an established role in cell morphogenesis and differentiation, and also they have oncogenic properties. We studied Wnt and Fz genes as potential tumor-associated markers in HNSCC by qPCR. Expression levels of Wnt and Fz genes in 22 unique frozen samples from HNSCC were measured.

Diagnostic accuracy of small breast epithelial mucin mRNA as a marker for bone marrow micrometastasis in breast cancer: a pilot study.

Background: Detection of isolated tumour cells (ITC) in the blood or minimal deposits in distant organs such as bone marrow (BM) could be important to identify breast cancer patients at high risk of relapse or disease progression. PCR amplification of tissue or tumour selective mRNA is the most powerful analytical tool for detection of this micrometastasis. We have evaluated for the first time, the diagnostic accuracy of small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) as a potential marker for BM micrometastasis in breast cancer.

Origin of renal cell carcinomas.

Cancer is a heritable disorder of somatic cells: environment and heredity are both important in the carcinogenic process. The primal force is the "two hits" of Knudson's hypothesis, which has proved true for many tumours, including renal cell carcinoma. Knudson et al.

Bioinformatics approach to mRNA markers discovery for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Detection of tumor cells in the blood, or minimal deposits in distant organs as bone marrow, could be important to identify cancer patients at high risk of relapse or disease progression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of tissue or tumor selective mRNA is the most powerful tool for the detection of this circulating or occult metastatic cells. Our study aims to identify novel gastrointestinal cancer-specific markers for circulating tumor cell detection.