Overall manifestations and survival of pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A middle-income country (mic) national multicenter study.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by clonal proliferation of den-dritic cells. It is Mexico's ninth most frequent malignancy in patients under 18 years of age. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival of Mexican pediatric patients diagnosed with LCH treated from January 2010 to December 2018.

and abnormalities in childhood hematological malignancies other than B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Rearrangements and overexpression of are hallmarks of poor outcomes in -like B-ALL, and overexpression is a high-risk marker in T-ALL. However, alterations in pediatric hematologic malignancies other than B-ALL have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the overexpression, rearrangements ( and ), activation (pSTAT5 and pERK), and the expression of dominant-negative isoforms (Ik6 and Ik8), implied in dysregulation, in 16 pediatric patients (AML,  = 9; T-ALL,  = 3; LBL,  = 2; HL,  = 1; cytopenia,  = 1).

Germline mutations in pediatric cancer cohort with mixed-ancestry Mexicans.

Background: Childhood cancer is one of the primary causes of disease-related death in 5- to 14-year-old children and currently no prevention strategies exist to reduce the incidence of this disease. Childhood cancer has a larger hereditary component compared with cancer in adults. Few genetic studies have been conducted on children with cancer.

Long-term experience in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in Mexican children in a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare myeloid leukemia subtype affecting adult and pediatric populations. APL constitutes 15-20% of all childhood AML in Latin America, compared to 7% in the non-Latino population. This leukemia has unique characteristics, such as its association with chromosomal translocations involving the retinoid acid receptor α (RARA) gene on chromosome 17.

Impairments in fine motor skills in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. A cross-sectional study.

Aim: We evaluated fine motor skills; precision, motor integration, manual dexterity, and upper-limb coordination according to sex and risk stratification in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL).

Methods: We evaluated twenty-nine children in the maintenance phase aged 6 to 12 years with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-second edition (BOT-2), and sex and age-specific norm values of BOT-2 were used to compare our results.

Results: We found lower scores on the upper-limb coordination subtest, p = 0.

Costs associated with adverse events from remission induction for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Background: ALL is the most frequent hematological tumor in children, so during remission induction chemotherapy protocol (RICP) adverse events (AEs) may appear. The public program in Mexico in charge of financial support to oncologic children without social security delivered a fix amount for ALL chemotherapy, but additional money needed to treat any other unexpected condition should be taken from the budget of the oncologic healthcare providers. So the purpose of our study was to estimate and evaluate the direct medical costs associated to EAs during RICP in children with ALL.

Decision-Making at End-of-Life for Children With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Bioethical Analysis.

Background: Evidence shows that medical education includes a variety of basic and clinical skills. Ethical and human values are not typically considered in medical school curricula, and this is evident in medical practice in certain scenarios such as decision-making at pediatric cancer patients' end of life.

Methods: This study explores a bioethical approach to address complex decision-making at the end of life in children and adolescents with cancer.

Asymmetric palatine tonsil in a pediatric patient: Is it always a malignant neoplasm?

Background: A relatively frequent clinical finding in children is an asymmetric tonsil, which can have multiple etiological possibilities, including a malignant disease. The clinical finding of tonsillar asymmetry is found in approximately 2% of the pediatric population. The incidence of malignancy in the tonsils is low, estimated as 2.

CRLF2 and IKZF1 abnormalities in Mexican children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and recurrent gene fusions: exploring surrogate markers of signaling pathways.

The gene fusions BCR-ABL1, TCF3-PBX1, and ETV6-RUNX1 are recurrent in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and are found with low frequency in coexistence with CRLF2 (cytokine receptor-like factor 2) rearrangements and overexpression. There is limited information regarding the CRLF2 abnormalities and dominant-negative IKZF1 isoforms associated with surrogate markers of Jak2, ABL, and Ras signaling pathways. To assess this, we evaluated 24 Mexican children with B-ALL positive for recurrent gene fusions at diagnosis.

Association of Genetic Polymorphisms and Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 with the Prognosis in Children with Neuroblastoma.

There is evidence that high circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-8 are markers of a poor prognosis in various types of cancer, including NB. The participation of these cytokines in the tumor microenvironment has been described to promote progression and metastasis. Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic role of genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in a cohort of Mexican pediatric patients with NB.

Survival and Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected all age groups, including the pediatric population, in 3-5% of all cases. We performed a meta-analysis to understand the survival and associated complications in pediatric cancer patients as well as their hospitalization, intensive care, and ventilation care (supplemental oxygen/endotracheal intubation) needs.

Methods: A systematic search was performed using MEDLINE, TRIP Database, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO), The Cochrane Library, Wiley, LILACS, and Google Scholar.

Acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(16:21)(p11;q22) in a pediatric patient.

Background: Background">Rare subgroups of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as t(16:21) (p11;q22), require international cooperation to establish a proper stratification system to assign clinical risk.

Case Report: Here, we report a 13-year-old female who was admitted for asthenia, fatigue, and intermittent fever. The hematological data showed thrombocytopenia and anemia, and the bone marrow test showed 82.

Survival in pediatric patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: scoping systematic review.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has currently affected 8,015,502 million people worldwide with global mortality around 5%. Information in pediatric cancer patients is still limited, but it is emerging day by day. The objective of this scoping review was to analyze the available data associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality in pediatric cancer patients and to provide useful information to plan and design strategies in this group.

Efficacy and safety of oral magnesium supplementation in reducing febrile neutropenia episodes in children with solid tumors treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy: randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CDDPBC). The primary aim was to determine whether oral magnesium supplementation reduces FN episodes in pediatric patients with solid tumors treated with CDDPBC.

Method: This randomized clinical trial, with open-label, single-center, parallel group and superiority design was conducted in Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez at Mexico City.

Patient and health service factors associated with delays in cancer treatment for children without social security in Mexico.

Background: The objective was to investigate factors associated with patient-related timing (PRT) to seek healthcare and health service-related timing (HSRT) to diagnose cancer and provide treatment to children without social security in Mexico.

Procedure: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 13 Ministry of Health hospitals in the states of Chihuahua, Jalisco, Mexico City, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, State of Mexico, and Tlaxcala. Study participants were parents of recently diagnosed pediatric cancer patients (≤ 17 years of age).

The Role of Time as a Prognostic Factor in Pediatric Brain Tumors: a Multivariate Survival Analysis.

There is no evidence that prolonged pre diagnostic symptomatic intervals (PSI) increases the risk of death in pediatric brain tumors. When investigating the role of time previous research had not controlled for confounding variables or measured the pretreatment interval (PTI). We use the term global delay interval (GDI) to describe the sum of PSI and PTI.

A case series of cutaneous lymphomas in Mexico.

Background: Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a rare heterogeneous group of T and B cell skin neoplasms without any evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis, which show considerable differences in histology, phenotype and prognosis.

Case Reports: Five cases of cutaneous lymphomas treated at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez from 2010 to 2018 are described. The most frequent clinical presentations in these patients were dermatitis, blood scabs, and necrotic ulcers.

Safety and efficacy of step-down to oral outpatient treatment versus inpatient antimicrobial treatment in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: A noninferiority multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Background: It has been suggested that low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes can be treated in a step-down manner in the outpatient setting. This recommendation has been limited to implementation in middle-income countries due to concerns about infrastructure and lack of trained personnel. We aimed to determine whether early step-down to oral antimicrobial outpatient treatment is not inferior in safety and efficacy to inpatient intravenous treatment in children with low-risk FN.

Medication errors in a cohort of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on remission induction therapy in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.

Introduction: Medication errors (MEs) are the main type of preventable adverse events in medical care, as well as safety indicators in the medication processes. Advances in the quality of care in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have enabled to improve clinical outcomes. However, ME epidemiology in pediatric oncology is still incipient in developing countries.

Expression of YY1 in Wilms tumors with favorable histology is a risk factor for adverse outcomes.

Aim: To investigate the role of the transcription factor YY1 in Wilms tumor (WT).

Patients & Methods: We measured YY1 expression using tissue microarray from patients with pediatric renal tumors, mainly WT and evaluated correlations with the predicted clinical evolution. YY1 expression was measured using immunohistochemical and protein expression was determined by digital pathology.