Standardization and Chemical Characterization of Intravenous Therapy in Adult Patients: A Step Further in Medication Safety.

Background: Intravenous drug administration is associated with potential complications, such as phlebitis. The physiochemical characteristics of the infusate play a very important role in some of these problems.

Aim: The aim of this study was to standardize the dilutions of intravenous drugs most commonly used in hospitalized adult patients and to characterize their pH, osmolarity and cytotoxic nature to better guide the selection of the most appropriate vascular access.

Effect of a double nutritional intervention on the nutritional status, functional capacity, and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: 12-month results from a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: malnutrition is commonly associated with, and worsens the prognosis of heart failure. The management of chronic heart failure and its complications based only on the application of pharmacologic guidelines is incomplete. The benefits of interventions to improve nutritional status may be limited by the multifactorial nature of malnutrition.

[Prevalence of undernutrition in hospital patients with unbalanced heart failure; subjective global assessment like prognosis sign].

Introduction: The malnutrition prevalence's studies in patients with heart failure have a great variability. The proportion depends on the used method and the evaluation moment. Malnutrition increases complications, hospital stay, mortality and hospital reentry.

[Nutritional screening in heart failure patients: 5 methods review].

Introduction: Malnutrition increases mortality and hospital stay. Increasingly Sanitary institutions follow nutritional screening in order to detect early malnutrition or the risk of developing. There is not universally accepted method for nutritional assessment or screening.