Construction and validation of a reproductive behavior questionnaire for female patients with rheumatic diseases.

Introduction/objectives: Active autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) before conception increase the risk of flares and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to construct and validate a reproductive behavior questionnaire in Spanish for patients with ARDs to assess their knowledge and their reproductive behavior.

Method: We constructed and validated a reproductive behavior questionnaire in two phases: (1) a literature review followed by interviews of reproductive-age female patients, and (2) a cross-sectional study to complete validation.

Bone metabolism and osteoporosis during pregnancy and lactation.

Purpose: Osteoporosis in pregnancy is an uncommon disease and there is little information regarding its pathogenesis and its effects on the skeleton. This review aims to describe changes in mineral metabolism during pregnancy and lactation as well as their clinical impact.

Methods: We performed a narrative review of the literature using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published from 1955 to 2021.