Reconstruction of acquired temporomandibular joint defects.

Various conditions are responsible for the development of acquired temporomandibular joint (TMJ) defects, the reconstruction of which represents a unique challenge, as the TMJ plays an important role in the functioning of the jaw including mastication, deglutition, and phonation. Autogenous reconstructions such as costochondral or sternoclavicular joint graft continue to be the best option in children, owing to their ability to transfer a growth center. In adults, alloplastic reconstructions are a safe and predictable option.

Zygoma implant reconstruction of acquired maxillary bony defects.

The reconstruction of acquired maxillary bony defects after pathologic ablation, infectious debridement, avulsive trauma, or previously failed reconstructions with zygoma implants represents a treatment alternative that is safe, predictable, and cost-effective. Still the single most important factor for treatment success of these complex reconstructions is the implementation of a team approach between the surgeon and the restorative dentist. The focus of this article is to review the surgical and prosthetic nuances to successfully reconstruct acquired maxillary defects with zygoma implants.

Reoperative temporomandibular joint surgery.

TMJ surgeries are not always successful. Many potential pitfalls can occur during any phase of the treatment and can lead to complications, less than desirable results, and short- or long-term failures. Unsatisfactory results can occur for multiple reasons, including misdiagnosis of the original pathologic condition, incorrect selection of surgical technique, technical failures, complications, systemic disease, and unrealistic expectations.

Reoperative mandibular trauma: management of posttraumatic mandibular deformities.

Mandibular fractures are one the most common maxillofacial injuries. Diagnostic errors, poor surgical technique, healing disorders, or complications may lead to the establishment of posttraumatic mandibular deformities. Nonunion, malunion/malocclusion, or facial asymmetry can be found early during the healing process or as long-term sequelae after the initial mandibular fracture repair.

Alveolar distraction osteogenesis for dental implant preparation: an update.

Alveolar distraction is a constantly evolving technique. A review of the literature within the past 14 years reveals that there are clear indications for its use, with outcomes similar to and sometimes even more predictable than traditional bone grafting techniques in preparation for implant placement. Although complications exist with alveolar distraction, it seems that most are minor and easy to manage.

Head and neck manifestations of distant carcinomas.

Metastatic tumors to the head and neck from distant carcinomas are rare lesions that epitomize the "zebras." They represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians and health providers. These lesions usually rank low in the differential diagnosis list, but a history of cancer should prompt clinicians about the possibility of a metastatic lesion from a distant carcinoma.