Gas formation during chemolysis.

Uric acid stones account for approximately 10 % of renal stone disease. These are the only crystals that can be managed with an oral treatment called chemolysis. Chemolysis also known chemolitholysis was first described in the late 60's, but was accepted as a medical treatment for uric acid stone disease in mid 80's.

A novel mortality risk score for emphysematous pyelonephritis: A multicenter study of the Global Research in the Emphysematous Pyelonephritis group.

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a necrotizing infection of the kidney and the surrounding tissues associated with considerable mortality. We aimed to formulate a score that classifies the risk of mortality in patients with EPN at hospital admission.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with EPN between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively included.

Prognosis of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Agents in Emphysematous Pyelonephritis-Results from a Large, Multicenter Series.

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a necrotizing infection of the kidney and surrounding tissues with significant mortality. We aimed to assess the clinical factors and their influence on prognosis in patients being managed for EPN with and without ESBL-producing bacteria and to identify if those with EPN due to ESBL infections fared any different.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with EPN diagnosis from 22 centers across 11 countries (between 2013 and 2020).

Phimosis: A rare complication of immunotherapy with durvalumab.

We present a case of a 69 year old man with phimosis associated with immunotherapy with durvalumab for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. The patient developed vitiligo like dermatosis after the induction dose of durvalumab, subsequent administration of the immunotherapy the patient developed a fibrous ring of the foreskin. Immune-mediated adverse reactions have been described after the use of durvalumab, but, to our knowledge, there are no reports of phimosis and vitiligo like reactions.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: multicenter clinical and therapeutic experience in Mexico.

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), the impact of different treatment modalities, and to determine risk factors associated with mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of EPN from 3 tertiary care institutions in Mexico. The diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomographic scan.

Genetic association of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)-2518 polymorphism in Mexican patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Objective: To investigate the role of MCP-1-2518, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-G801A and chemokine receptors CCR5-Delta32, CCR5-59 029, and CCR2-64I gene polymorphisms in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in Mexican Mestizo patients.

Methods: Forty-seven unrelated consecutive patients with non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 126 unrelated healthy individuals were studied. Genomic extraction was carried out from complete blood samples using the salting out method.

P-glycoprotein activity in renal clear cell carcinoma.

Background: The mechanism by which renal cancer patients show poor response to chemotherapy has not been well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and its possible role in chemotherapy resistance.

Methods: We studied 11 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy due to RCCC; from each patient we obtained a sample from the cancer tissue, and another from normal renal tissue.

[The bacillus Calmette-Guérin as immunomodulator in bladder cancer].

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is regarded as the most successful immunotherapy against superficial bladder carcinoma recurrences to date. BCG intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer has shown its efficacy and advantage over classical therapeutic strategies. This efficacy is based on complex and long lasting immune activation.

In vivo IL-10 and TGF-beta production by PBMC from long-term kidney transplant recipients with excellent graft function: a possible feedback mechanism participating in immunological stability.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are Th2-derived multifunctional cytokines that exhibit potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which might prolong graft survival. The aim of this study was to explore whether spontaneous production of IL-10 and TGF-beta by blood mononuclear cells correlates with excellent long-term graft function.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 32 kidney transplant recipients, without albuminuria, treated with azathioprine and prednisone.