Repeatability and reproducibility of a tomographic method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with medial patellar luxation.

Objective: To describe a new method for the tomographic measurement of canine tibial torsion, evaluate its repeatability and reproducibility, measure the torsion in 40 canine tibiae using both the new and traditional methods, and compare the results.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Sample Population: Tomographic study of the tibiae (n = 40) of client-owned dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL).

Assessment of the accuracy of patient-specific drilling guides for cervical (C5-C6) and lumbar (L4-L5) vertebrae in cats.

Ten sets of vertebral biomodels and the corresponding drilling guides were created to evaluate the implantation accuracy in the cervical (C5-C6) and lumbar (L4-L5) vertebrae of cats. Smooth pins were implanted using the guides on the right side of five randomly assigned biomodel sets and on the left side of the remaining sets, with the contralateral side undergoing freehand implantation. Subsequently, a new tomographic study was conducted to measure the implantation angles.

PLLA/GO Scaffolds Filled with Canine Placenta Hydrogel and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair in Goat Mandibles.

Bone defects in animals can arise from various causes, including diseases, neoplasms, and most commonly, trauma. Comminuted fractures that exceed the critical size may heal poorly due to deficient or interrupted vascularization, resulting in an insufficient number of progenitor cells necessary for bone regeneration. In this context, 3D printing techniques using poly-L-lactic acid/graphene oxide (PLLA/GO) aim to address this issue by creating customized scaffolds combined with canine placenta hydrogel and mesenchymal stem cells for use in goat mandibles, compared to a control group using titanium plate fixation.

Double-Cut Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy for the Management of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in Dogs with an Excessive Plateau Angle: Early Clinical Results in 16 Dogs.

Objective:  To describe a modification of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy technique wherein a double cut is made in the same plane to level the tibial plateau (double-cut tibial plateau leveling osteotomy [DCTPLO]) for treating dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) diseases.

Study Design:  The DCTPLO technique was performed on 18 stifles in dogs with CrCL and an eTPA (>34°). This study evaluated the accuracy of preoperative planning, feasibility of the technique, postoperative clinical outcomes, radiographic examinations at the postoperative follow-up for the first 120 days, evolution of the tibial plateau angle (TPA), time of union of the osteotomy, apposition of the implants, and possible complications.

Biomechanical evaluation of four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs.

Purpose: This study compared, through biomechanical evaluation under ventral flexion load, four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs.

Methods: In total, 28 identical atlantoaxial joint models were created by digital printing from computed tomography images of a dog, and the specimens were divided into four groups of seven. In each group, a different technique for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint was performed: transarticular lag screws, polyaxial screws, multiple screws and bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate-PMMA), and atlantoaxial plate.

Preliminary study on a novel dedicated plate for iliac fractures in dogs.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate a novel plate designed specifically for the canine ilium using finite element methods. The cranial portion of the plate had an elliptical shape and contained nine screw holes. The caudal portion of the plate was triangular with three screw holes.

Trans-sinus fixation for correction of deviation of the gnathotheca in a hawk (Caracara plancus).

Introduction: For birds of prey, the integrity of the beak is extremely important for defence, hygiene, socialization and especially, feeding. This paper describes successful trans-sinus fixation of a lateral deviation of the mandible in a hawk (Caracara plancus).

Case Report: The patient was presented with malnutrition and dehydration due to severe left lateral deviation of gnathotheca, with significant malocclusion.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of subsidence in two femoral stem models for a total hip replacement in dogs.

Canine cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful technique for the management of hip arthrosis; however, serious potential complications, such as femoral fractures and subsidence of the femoral stem, can occur. To evaluate the effect of two femoral stem designs in reducing subsidence in dogs, twenty-four hips from twenty-one dogs undergoing THA were assessed. The twenty-four arthroplasties were divided into two experimental groups: G1 with a first generation, and G2, which is the second generation, system were used.

Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hydroxyapatite for bone defect in rabbits.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AAD-MSC), with and without synthetic absorbable hydroxyapatite (HAP-91), on the bone regeneration in rabbits. Thirty-four female white New Zealand rabbits were submitted to a 10 mm distal diaphyseal radius ostectomy, divided into 3 experimental groups according to the treatment established. The bone gap was filled with 0.

Uncommon Atlantoocciptal Localization of Tumoral Calcinosis in a Dog.

A 5-month-old male Rottweiler dog presented with an acute upper motor neuron tetraparesis. A computed tomography study of the cervical spine revealed amorphous mineralization of the soft tissues dorsal to the articular surface of the occipital bone and atlas. The calcification extended into the vertebral canal, causing significant dorsal compression of the spinal cord.

Cervical ventral slot in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Piezosurgery versus conventional technique.

Purpose: To investigate the applicability of piezosurgery for cervical ventral slot (CVS), comparing it with the conventional technique of using high-speed burs for bone wear.

Methods: Thirty rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into two treatment groups (T1 and T2) corresponding to CVS between C3-C4. In T1, the surgery was performed with piezoelectric apparatus, and in T2 with high-speed burs.

Biomechanical evaluation of a new femoral stem design for total hip replacement in a canine model.

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of a novel total hip replacement femoral stem.

Methods: Eight pairs of femurs from dog cadavers were used. The femurs were separated into different groups.

Three-dimensional printed poly (L-lactide) and hydroxyapatite composite for reconstruction of critical bone defect in rabbits.

Purpose: To use a 3D printed poly (L-lactide) acid (PLLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite as a bone substitute for reconstruction of a critical bone defect in the radius of rabbits.

Methods: A 1.5 cm ostectomy was performed in the radial diaphysis of 60 New Zealand white rabbits.

Percutaneous application of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell in dogs submitted to minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the tibia.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcome following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) associated with percutaneous transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) at the tibial fracture site in dogs.

Methods: Thirty-six dogs presenting with nonarticular complete tibial fracture were included in this study. All fractures were treated by the same MIPO technique.

Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits.

Methods: Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization.

Lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogeneic bone implant used as a spacer for advancement of a modified tibial tuberosity in the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogeneic freeze-dried bone wedge as a spacer for advancement of a modified tibial tuberosity (mTTA) in 16 knees that were clinically diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Patients underwent radiography before the surgical procedure as well as immediately after surgery and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-surgery, and their locomotion was evaluated at the same time points except for the immediate postoperative period. The surgical wounds were evaluated for signs of infection and rejection of the bone implant.

Accuracy in Determining Canal Flare Index Using Different Radiographical Positions for Imaging Canine Femurs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to compare accuracy of femoral measurements obtained from different radiographical positions with actual femoral anatomical dimensions in dogs.

Materials And Methods:  Craniocaudal projections of the femur in ventrodorsal position, standard craniocaudal radiographical (SR) and craniocaudal radiography with horizontal radiographical beam (HR), in addition to anatomical macroscopic measurements (A), were obtained from 45 femurs from 23 canine cadavers, for calculation of the canal flare index (CFI). The differences between the radiographical positions and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the CFI-SR, CFI-HR and CFI-A were evaluated by the Bland-Altman method.

Assessment of postoperative inflammatory markers and pain in cats after laparoscopy and miniceliotomy ovariectomy.

Videosurgery is increasingly used in veterinary medicine. Compared with open surgery, it has been shown to cause minimal pain and promote a more rapid recovery. There are various methods of assessing pain and postoperative inflammation in cats, although their particular behaviours may make these assessments difficult.

Prospective clinical assessment of tibial tuberosity advancement for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs.

Purpose: To evaluate clinically dogs that underwent tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) six months previously.

Methods: Dogs of various breeds, gender, weight, and age that had CCL rupture and underwent TTA for treatment were included in this study. Parapatellar arthrotomy was performed in all patients to assess the joint for a ruptured ligament and meniscal injury before the TTA.

Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil).

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies.