Neurocysticercosis: diagnosis via metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

A 68-year-old Brazilian woman had 3 months of progressive fatigue, difficulty walking and 18 kg weight loss. On examination, there was gait apraxia and executive dysfunction. MR scan of brain showed communicating hydrocephalus and a cerebrospinal fluid showed 105 white cells/µL (≤5), predominantly lymphocytes, protein of 1.

Intracranial vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging features of infectious vasculitis.

Vasculitis is a complication of several infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system, which may result in ischemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and aneurysm formation. The infectious agent may directly infect the endothelium, causing vasculitis, or indirectly affect the vessel wall through an immunological mechanism. The clinical manifestations of these complications usually overlap with those of non-infectious vascular diseases, making diagnosis challenging.

Dural-based lesions: is it a meningioma?

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common extra-axial intracranial neoplasms with typical radiological findings. In approximately 2% of cases, histopathological reports reveal different neoplasms or non-neoplastic lesions that can closely mimic meningiomas. We describe radiological features of meningioma mimics highlighting imaging red flags to consider a differential diagnosis.

Intense Hypermetabolic Tumefactive Demyelination on 18F-FDG PET and MRI Related to Multiple Sclerosis Relapse After Fingolimod Suspension.

A 57-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis presented with a 5-day history of progressive headache and confusion, followed by left hemiparesis. The patient had stopped her previous fingolimod usage during the last 8 weeks. Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET showed a subcortical tumefactive lesion with an intense peripheric rim of hypermetabolism and central hypometabolism, with central hyperintensity, thin isointense rim, and peripheral finger-like "tentacles" of edema with an irregular and thick border enhancement on postcontrast T2-weighted MRI.

Radiologic Features of Spontaneous Regression of Vestibular Schwannomas.

Background: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the most common benign tumor originating in the cerebellopontine angle. In most cases, tumors tend to grow and deserve proper treatment. Sometimes they stabilize, and rarely they decrease in size spontaneously.

Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with de novo SCN3A pathogenic variants: two new cases and review of the literature.

SCN3A was recently recognized as a gene associated with neurodevelopmental disorder and epilepsy. We present two additional patients with a novel de novo SCN3A pathogenic variant, and a review of all published cases of de novo variants. In one of our patients brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a severe polymicrogyria and in the other it was normal.

Holmes Tremor Secondary to a Stabbing Lesion in the Midbrain.

Background: The development of Holmes tremor (HT) after a direct lesion of the midbrain has rarely been reported in the literature, although several etiologies have been linked with HT, such as stroke, brainstem tumors, multiple sclerosis, head trauma, or infections.

Phenomenology Shown: A 31-year-old male, having been stabbed in the right eye, presented with a rest and action tremor in the left upper limb associated with left hemiparesis with corresponding post-contrast volumetric magnetic resonance imaging T1 with sagittal oblique reformation showing the knife trajectory reaching the right midbrain.

Educational Value: Despite the rarity of the etiology of HT in the present case, clinicians working with persons with brain injuries should be aware of this type of situation.