Validation of the AgraStrip® Pro Total Aflatoxin WATEX® Method for Detection of Total Aflatoxins in Corn and Peanut Paste: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 032402.

Background: To protect public and animal health against risks provoked by aflatoxins contained therein, maximum limits for aflatoxins are defined. Limit values vary depending on the intended use and regulatory authority, therefore quantitative detection is essential.

Objective: Validation of a one-step competitive lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for quantitative screening of total aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in corn and peanut paste for the high-sensitivity range (0-50 µg/kg).

Dissecting the Effects of on the Olfactory Turbinates and Nasopharynx of Roe Deers ().

Nasopharyngeal myiasis in European roe deer is a pathological condition caused by the larval stages of , a fly from the Oestridae family. These larvae reside in the host's upper respiratory tract for months, inducing significant tissue damage and clinical symptoms. The lifecycle of is complex, involving three larval stages before maturation into adult flies, with each stage contributing to the progressive pathology observed in the host.

The vomeronasal system of the wolf (Canis lupus signatus): The singularities of a wild canid.

Wolves, akin to their fellow canids, extensively employ chemical signals for various aspects of communication, including territory maintenance, reproductive synchronisation and social hierarchy signalling. Pheromone-mediated chemical communication operates unconsciously among individuals, serving as an innate sensory modality that regulates both their physiology and behaviour. Despite its crucial role in the life of the wolf, there is a lacuna in comprehensive research on the neuroanatomical and physiological underpinnings of chemical communication within this species.

Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause a lethal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Although the virus appears to be endemically established in the Iberian Peninsula, CCHF is an emerging disease in Spain. Clinical signs of CCHFV infection are mainly manifested in humans, but the virus replicates in several animal species.

The olfactory limbus of the red fox (). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway.

The olfactory system in most mammals is divided into several subsystems based on the anatomical locations of the neuroreceptor cells involved and the receptor families that are expressed. In addition to the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, a range of olfactory subsystems converge onto the transition zone located between the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which has been termed the olfactory limbus (OL). The OL contains specialized glomeruli that receive noncanonical sensory afferences and which interact with the MOB and AOB.

A High Prevalence of Cardiopulmonary Worms Detected in the Iberian Wolf (): A Threat for Wild and Domestic Canids.

Cardiopulmonary nematodes are highly pathogenic parasites affecting domestic and wild canids. As the result of conservation programs, the Iberian wolf () population has recently expanded, and its distribution range covers lands from where it had long disappeared. However, the exact epidemiological role of the wolf in the life cycle of zoonotic parasites causing diseases transmissible to pets and/or humans is largely unknown.

Comparative Neuroanatomical Study of the Main Olfactory Bulb in Domestic and Wild Canids: Dog, Wolf and Red Fox.

The sense of smell plays a fundamental role in mammalian survival. There is a considerable amount of information available on the vomeronasal system of both domestic and wild canids. However, much less information is available on the canid main olfactory system, particularly at the level of the main olfactory bulb.

Use of native chicken breeds (Gallus gallus domesticus) for the development of suitable methods of Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) semen cryopreservation.

Background: The Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) is critically endangered. This subspecies has the lowest genetic variability and it is in regression. It belongs to Phasianidae family; therefore, the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) could be a good model for developing reproductive technologies for use in capercaillie populations with low availability of animals.

Heavy metals and metalloid levels in the tissues of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) from Spain: sex, age, and geographical location differences.

In the present study, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and arsenic (As) were measured in liver, kidney, and feathers of adult, juvenile, and chick seagulls (Larus michahellis) collected from the northwest of Spain. Age, sex, and the geographical location of samples were considered variables that can influence metal bioaccumulation, for which concentrations were determined by means of ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (dry weight) found in seagulls were 7.

Can domestication shape Canidae brain morphology? The accessory olfactory bulb of the red fox as a case in point.

Background: The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first integrative center of the vomeronasal system (VNS), and the general macroscopic, microscopic, and neurochemical organizational patterns of the AOB differ fundamentally among species. Therefore, the low degree of differentiation observed for the dog AOB is surprising. As the artificial selection pressure exerted on domestic dogs has been suggested to play a key role in the involution of the dog VNS, a wild canid, such as the fox, represents a useful model for studying the hypothetical effects of domestication on the AOB morphology.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Diptera: Oestridae).

parasitizes roe deer () throughout its geographical distribution. The complete circular mitogenome was assembled, which is 16,407 bp in length, and encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic tree was built with mitogenome sequences, including and 13 related Oestridae species, using as an outgroup.

Heavy Metals Content in Great Shearwater (Ardenna Gravis): Accumulation, Distribution and Biomarkers of Effect in Different Tissues.

The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of Great Shearwater (Ardenna gravis) as a bioindicator for biomonitoring programs for metal pollution. Three different metals were analysed in liver, kidney, and feathers, including cadmium, lead, and zinc. Glutathione-S-transferase, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and catalase were assessed as oxidative stress biomarkers.

High Prevalence and Diversity of Cephalosporin-Resistant Including Extraintestinal Pathogenic CC648 Lineage in Rural and Urban Dogs in Northwest Spain.

The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing in fecal samples recovered from rural and urban healthy dogs in Northwest Spain (Galicia) to identify potential high-risk clones and to molecularly characterize positive isolates regarding the genes coding for ESBL/pAmpC resistance and virulence. Thirty-five (19.6%) out of 179 dogs were positive for cephalosporin-resistant , including and (39 and three isolates, respectively).

Development and characterization of 15 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for two important bot flies (Diptera, Oestridae) by next-generation sequencing.

Cephenemyia stimulator and Oestrus ovis are two important parasitic bot flies (Oestridae) species causing myiasis, with a potential negative impact on the welfare of the host. Using next-generation sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools, a large panel of possible microsatellites loci was obtained in both species. Primer pairs were designed for 15 selected microsatellite loci in C.

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a potential natural reservoir of human cryptosporidiosis by Cryptosporidium hominis in Northwest Spain.

Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are ubiquitous intestinal protozoa that parasitize domestic and wild animals, as well as human beings. Due to their zoonotic potential, the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of these pathogens in the fox population (Vulpes vulpes) located in Northwest Spain.

Cardiopulmonary nematode infections in wild canids: Does the key lie on host-prey-parasite evolution?

Cardiopulmonary nematodes are among the most pathogenic parasites of domestic and wild canids. The aim of this study was to describe the species diversity, prevalence and infection intensity of these parasites in the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. 257 foxes and 74 wolves were necropsied between 2008 and 2014.

Metal content in the liver, kidney, and feathers of Northern gannets, Morus bassanus, sampled on the Spanish coast.

The value of birds as bioindicators for monitoring the environmental inorganic elements has been globally recognized. In this context, due to its well-known ecology and population stability, the Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) could be particularly useful. Dead Northern gannets (n = 30) were collected and samples from the liver, kidney, and feathers were taken, dried, mineralized, and finally analyzed via ICP-MS.

The role of healthy dog carriers of Babesia microti-like piroplasms.

Background: While in Europe Babesia canis has been traditionally held responsible for canine piroplasmosis, Babesia microti-like piroplasm (Bml) infection is being ever more observed in dogs, with the first clinical cases reported in northwestern Spain. This study examines the epidemiological role of healthy dogs living in endemic areas of Bml infection in Spain. The data obtained were used to describe the clinical status and map the geographical distribution of Bml infection in healthy dogs in northwestern Spain.