Sheet, Surveillance, Strategy, Salvage and Shield in global biodefense system to protect the public health and tackle the incoming pandemics.

The pandemic of COVID-19 challenges the global health system and raises our concerns on the next waves of other emerging infectious diseases. Considering the lessons from the failure of world's pandemic warning system against COVID-19, many scientists and politicians have mentioned different strategies to improve global biodefense system, among which Sheet, Surveillance, Strategy, Salvage and Shield (5S) are frequently discussed. Nevertheless, the current focus is mainly on the optimization and management of individual strategy, and there are limited attempts to combine the five strategies as an integral global biodefense system.

Effective treatment of hospital wastewater with high-concentration diclofenac and ibuprofen using a promising technology based on degradation reaction catalyzed by Fe under microwave irradiation.

Real hospital wastewater was effectively treated by a promising technology based on degradation reaction catalyzed by Fe under microwave irradiation in this work. Fe powders were synthesized and characterized by different techniques, resulting in a single-phase sample with spherical particles. Optimum experimental conditions were determined by a central composite rotatable design combined with a response surface methodology, resulting in 96.

Theoretical study and analysis of o-nitrophenol adsorption using layered double hydroxides containing Ca-Al, Ni-Al and Zn-Al.

A theoretical assessment of the o-nitrophenol adsorption on layered double hydroxides containing different metallic species (Ca-Al, Ni-Al and Zn-Al) was performed. Experimental o-nitrophenol adsorption isotherms obtained at different adsorption temperatures with these layered double hydroxides were analyzed using a statistical physics monolayer model. Model calculations showed that the o-nitrophenol aggregation could occur with a high degree.

Evaluation of Toxicity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves and Roots from Yacon ().

Yacon is an Andean plant that has been used in folk medicine for its medicinal properties. The beneficial effects of this plant are possibly due to the high content of phenolic compounds present in its leaves and roots. This study evaluated the toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and roots from yacon (1, 10, 50, and 100 g/mL) through cell viability tests, genotoxic and mutagenic activity in leukocytes culture cells; and cytotoxicity and apoptosis cell death (1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 g/mL) in cell line originally established from the primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells that were cultured by the designated protocol, so-called 3T3 protocol "3-day transfer, inoculum 3 × 10 cells" (3T3 cell line).

Adsorption of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and paracetamol onto activated carbon prepared from effluent treatment plant sludge of the beverage industry.

The presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals in aquatic means presents as a serious threat, since their real consequences for the environment and human health are not well known. Therefore, this work consisted of preparing and characterize sludge-derived activated carbons (beverage sludge activated carbon - BSAC and acid-treated beverage sludge activated carbon - ABSAC) to investigate their use in the pharmaceuticals adsorption in aqueous media. The morphology study has demonstrated that ABSAC, unlike BSAC, exhibited an abundant porous structure, with smaller particles and bigger roughness.

Steviol, the active principle of the stevia sweetener, causes a reduction of the cells of the immunological system even consumed in low concentrations.

Aim: Steviol is a natural diterpenoid glycoside isolated from Bertoni leaves and widely used as a non-caloric sweetener. In addition to their sweet taste, Steviol glycosides may also have some therapeutic benefits. There are few reports on the cytotoxicity of Steviol in human cells.

Sucralose causes non-selective CD4 and CD8 lymphotoxicity via probable regulation of the MAPK8/APTX/EID1 genes: An in vitro/in silico study.

One of the most widely used sweeteners in the world is sucralose. With sweetening power 600 times greater than sucrose, its use grows among those who seek to cut calories. Research shows that when heated, sucralose generates toxic products that attack the organism and interact with DNA.

Environmental assessment of viticulture waste valorisation through composting as a biofertilisation strategy for cereal and fruit crops.

Composting is a solid waste management alternative that avoids the emission of methane associated with its disposal in landfill and reduces or eliminates the need for chemical fertilisers if compost is applied. The main objective of this study was to analyse the environmental burdens of composting as a way to achieve a more circular valorisation of wine waste. To do so, with the purpose of identifying optimal operational conditions and determining the "hotspots" of the process, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used.

Understanding the mobility of potential nutrients in rock mining by-products: An opportunity for more sustainable agriculture and mining.

The increase in demand for highly soluble fertilizers brings a global sustainability concern. Alternative sources for traditional fertilization are therefore needed. Rock powder use has been proposed as an alternative approach to soil remineralization.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 2-substituted 1,4-benzenediol library as antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant pathogens.

Development of new antimicrobial agents, capable of combating resistant and multidrug-resistant fungal and bacterial clinical strains, is necessary. This study presents the synthesis and antimicrobial screening of 42 2-substituted-1,4-benzenediols, being 10 novel compounds. In total, 23 compounds showed activity against fungi and/or bacteria.

Gamma-hexalactone flavoring causes DNA lesion and modulates cytokines secretion at non-cytotoxic concentrations.

Background: The γ-hexalactone is a flavoring agent for alcoholic beverages, teas, breads, dairy products, coffees, buttery products among others. It presents low molecular weight and exhibits sweet fruity aroma with nuances of nuts. As far as we know, both literature and government regulations have gaps regarding the safe use of the γ-hexalactone.

Novel Acaricidal Drug Fluazuron Causes Immunotoxicity via Selective Depletion of Lymphocytes T CD8.

Fluazuron is one of the newest veterinary antitick medicines. Belonging to the benzoylphenylureas group, its mechanism of action acts by the interference of the formation of the chitin of the tick, which is responsible for the hardening of its exoskeletons. In addition to taking care of the health of the animal so that it receives the medication in the doses and the correct form, it is important to analyze the safety of the operator.

Golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) as a bioindicator in aquatic environments contaminated with mercury: Cytotoxic and genotoxic aspects.

This study evaluated the Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) as a bioindicator of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in aquatic environments contaminated by heavy metals. Five groups of 50 subjects each were exposed to different concentration of mercuric chloride (HgCl) (0.001 mg/L, group I; 0.

Biological Safety Studies and Simultaneous Determination of Linagliptin and Synthetic Impurities by LC-PDA.

A stability-indicating LC method was developed for quantification of linagliptin (LGT) and three synthetic impurities. The method utilizes a Thermo Scientific® RP-8 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 m) with the PDA detector for quantitation of impurities.

Structure-based design of δ-lactones for new antifungal drug development: susceptibility, mechanism of action, and toxicity.

Dermatophytes are the etiological agents of cutaneous mycoses, including the prevalent nail infections and athlete's foot. Candida spp. are opportunistic and emerging pathogens, causing superficial to deeper infections related to high mortality rates.

Is tartrazine really safe? and toxicological studies in human leukocytes: a question of dose.

The use of food colorings has a long-recorded history. Tartrazine (TRZ) is a dye that confers a lemon-yellow color to food and is widely used in the manufacture of numerous food products, as well as in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. However, few studies have addressed the toxicology of TRZ in human cells or tissues.

Immunotoxicological Evaluation of L. (Anacardiaceae) Essential Oil in Lymphocytes and Macrophages.

L. is used to treat various diseases; however, the literature lacks information regarding its possible immunotoxic effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunotoxic effects of essential oil from leaves of .

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of antihypertensives distributed in Brazil by social programs: Are they safe?

Hypertension, a chronic non-transmissible multifactorial condition, it is highly frequent in Brazil, affecting about 32.5% of the population over 25 years of age. It is characterized by the sustained increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels above 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively.

Antifungal mechanism of action of Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand essential oil and its synergistic effect in vitro with terbinafine and ciclopirox against dermatophytes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal, antichemotactic and antioxidant activities of Schinus lentiscifolius essential oil, as well as its combined effect with terbinafine and ciclopirox, against dermatophytes.

Methods: Essential oil was analysed by GC-MS. The antifungal activity and the mechanism of action were determined by broth microdilution, sorbitol and ergosterol assays, as well as scanning electron microscopy.

Stability Study of Finasteride: Stability-Indicating LC Method, In Silico and LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Major Degradation Product, and an In Vitro Biological Safety Study.

Stability studies of the pharmaceutically important compound finasteride were conducted in order to evaluate decomposition of the drug under forced degradation conditions. A simple stability-indicating liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the evaluation of finasteride and degradation products formed in pharmaceutical preparations and the raw material. Isocratic LC separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase of o-phosphoric acid (0.

Effect of Temperature, Precursor Type and Dripping Time on the Crystallite Size of Nano ZnO Obtained by One-Pot Synthesis: 2 Full Factorial Design Analysis.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of temperature, precursor and dripping time on the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by controlled precipitation according a 2k full factorial design. ZnCl2, Zn(NO3)2 and NaOH were used as precursors. After synthesis, the nano crystalline powder was characterized by XRD (Cu Kα), UV-Vis, and HR-TEM.

In vitro genotoxic effect of secondary minerals crystallized in rocks from coal mine drainage.

Coal processing generates a large volume of waste that can damage human health and the environment. Often these wastes produce acid drainage in which several minerals are crystallized (evaporites). This study aimed to identify secondary minerals, as well as the genotoxic potential of these materials.

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw): Chemotype relevance.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Uncaria tomentosa (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) DC. (Rubiaceae) or cat's claw is a climber vine from the South American rainforest used in folk medicine for cancer treatment. Its antitumor activity has been mostly ascribed to pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POA) from stem bark and leaves while the activity of tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOA) remains unknown.

Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) in cell cultures of human leukocytes.

Euphorbia tirucalli (L.), commonly known as aveloz, has been indiscriminately used in popular medicine to treat various illnesses. However, some components can have devastating consequences.