Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children: the South American contribution.

Unlabelled: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is an infrequent chronic lung that causes irreversible obstruction and, or, obliteration of the smaller airways. This review particularly focuses on more than 30 studies from South America.

Conclusion: The initial PIBO event occurs in the early years of life and is strongly associated with adenovirus infection and the need for mechanical ventilator support.

[Clinical characteristics of respiratory infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized children].

Introduction: Studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are scarce in Chile.

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics associated with M. pneumoniae in children requiring hospitalization.

[Hospitalization due to influenza in children in Santiago, Chile, 2001-2005].

Background: Influenza cause high hospitalization rates and complications in children.

Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza infection in hospitalized children.

Patients And Methods: In Universidad Católica Hospital, all hospitalizations due to influenza in children aged 15 days to 14 years, occurring between January 2001 and December 2005 were reviewed.

[Empyema and pleural effusion in children].

Introduction: Pleural empyema (PE) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with PE in the pediatric ward of the Catholic University Hospital between 2000-2005.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively, all pediatric admission due to CAP and pleural effusion (86 children) were identified.

[Clinical and epidemiological manifestations of parainfluenza infection in hospitalized children].

Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIV) are a common cause of respiratory illness of children but published data on clinical characteristics of hPIV infection in South America is scarce.

Objective: To review the clinical presentation and epidemiological features of hPIV in a series of hospitalized children in Chile.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective review of clinical charts from all pediatric admissions with a diagnosis of respiratory disease (between January 2001 to December 2004) at the Catholic University Hospital, Santiago, Chile.

[Thyroid carcinoma as a cause of upper airway obstruction in children. Case report].

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) can be a severe medical condition with a high mortality in children. We report a 10 year-old girl with UAO due to papillary thyroid carcinoma. The study confirmed a thyroid cancer.

[Flu vaccine in children: state of the art].

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness that year to year causes considerable morbidity and mortality. . All children, healthy or at high risk, are susceptible to this infection.

[Cystic fibrosis: facing patient transition from the pediatrician to the internist].

The increased survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) resulted in the appearance of new pulmonary and non-pulmonary complications. Even though subjects with CF present with inflammatory pulmonary changes at birth, several pathogens such as Staphyloccocus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomona aeruginosa contribute to the progression of pulmonary injury. Clinical presentations vary according to patient age; even though mild forms exist, patients with severe forms, develop respiratory insufficiency and end-stage disease at an early stage.

[Clinical features of respiratory infections due to influenza virus in hospitalized children].

Background: Infants and toddlers have the highest influenza hospitalization rate in pediatrics. Although the impact of this virus in children has been recognized, there is no defined statement related to vaccination in this population.

Aim: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of complicated influenza infections in hospitalized children.

[Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae severe pneumonia in an infant: case report].

Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) disease used to be a frequent cause of pneumonia in children. After the widespread use of Hib conjugate vaccines, non-b H. influenzae have become an important cause of pneumonia.

[Progressive respiratory insufficiency secondary to pulmonary fibrosis in childhood. Report of one case].

Interstitial lung diseases are uncommon in children, and can be idiopathic or secondary to known causes, sharing common pathological findings. We report a girl with progressive respiratory insufficiency secondary to interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, with risk factors such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory infections (respiratory syncytial virus and suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae), that may have had an additive effect. Nasal bi-level Positive Airway Pressure was used in the last period of her disease.