A Retrospective Comparison of Phaco-tube vs. Phaco-trabeculectomy in Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To compare surgical outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with Baerveldt implantation (phaco-tube) or trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) (phaco-trab) in patients without prior incisional ocular surgery.

Design: Single-center, retrospective, comparative case series.

Participants: A total of 90 patients underwent surgical treatment, including 45 patients in the phaco-tube group and 45 patients in the phaco-trab group.

Tyrosine kinase 2 modulates splenic B cells through type I IFN and TLR7 signaling.

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2) mice.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Masquerading as Recalcitrant Epithelial Keratitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a unique case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia that masqueraded as a nonresolving toxic epithelial keratitis.

Methods: This was a case report and review of the literature.

Results: A 79-year-old man presented with decreased vision, redness, and a foreign body sensation in his right eye that was refractory to treatment with lubrication and topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drops.

Recent developments in the use of optical coherence tomography for glaucoma.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to summarize findings of recent reports highlighting the utility of novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Recent Findings: Optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular parameters show high levels of diagnostic capability. The Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurement is a novel ONH parameter obtained using the Spectralis SD-OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc.

Separation and thickness measurements of superficial and deep slabs of the retinal nerve fiber layer in healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: Describe a new method to analyze retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects: RNFL thickness maps of healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular and Peripapillary Vessel Perfusion Density in Healthy Subjects, Glaucoma Suspects, and Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate macular and peripapillary vessel perfusion density (VD) in glaucoma suspects (GS) and glaucoma patients; to correlate ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses with macular and peripapillary VD; and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the structural and vascular parameters.

Methods: A consecutive series of GS, glaucoma patients, and healthy subjects was prospectively recruited from July 1, 2016, to January 31, 2017. All subjects underwent standard automated perimetry, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and 6 × 6-mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) centered on the fovea and optic nerve.

Genomic and proteomic pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

PEX stems from a pathologic elastotic process involving the cross-linking gene lysyl oxidase-like-1 (LOXL1), and is associated with abnormal formation of elastic extracellular matrix. We previously described a protein sink model to explain PEX material deposition on the lens capsule and other intraocular surfaces. Recent research findings not only provide evidence to support this hypothesis, but also further our understanding of the fundamental disease process.

The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination.

During development, the formation of mature neural circuits requires the selective elimination of inappropriate synaptic connections. Here we show that C1q, the initiating protein in the classical complement cascade, is expressed by postnatal neurons in response to immature astrocytes and is localized to synapses throughout the postnatal CNS and retina. Mice deficient in complement protein C1q or the downstream complement protein C3 exhibit large sustained defects in CNS synapse elimination, as shown by the failure of anatomical refinement of retinogeniculate connections and the retention of excess retinal innervation by lateral geniculate neurons.

SynGAP regulates spine formation.

SynGAP is a brain-specific ras GTPase-activating protein that is an abundant component of the signaling complex associated with the NMDA-type glutamate receptor. We generated mutant mice lacking synGAP to study its physiological role. Homozygous mutant mice die in the first few days after birth; however, neurons from mutant embryos can be maintained in culture.