Percutaneous reduction and external fixation for foot and ankle fractures.

Percutaneous reduction with external fixation is an advanced technique for surgical management in foot and ankle trauma. In the high-risk patient, closed or percutaneous reduction followed by external fixation for reduction and stabilization is a unique alternative to achieve anatomic stabilization without increased physical strain to the patient. The significant advantages of this approach include minimizing damage to the vascular supply, maintaining and preserving a stable soft tissue envelope, and allowing for correction to be performed acutely or adjusted gradually over time.

Circular external fixation for the midshaft and distal tibial fractures: a report on healing times.

Circular external fixation for the treatment of any tibio-fibular fracture should be taken into consideration as a versatile, minimally invasive technique. Patients should be given this option (when indicated) as one of their fixation alternatives. The healing times we reported are comparable to IM nailing healing times in the mentioned article.

The surgical management of high- and low-energy tibial plafond fractures: A combination of internal and external fixation devices.

Fractures of the distal tibial articular surface are complex injuries that can destroy the ankle joint. This article discusses the mechanism of injury, classifications and historical means of treating these fractures, the authors' approach to treating low- and high-energy pilon fractures, prognosis, and complications.

Groundwater vulnerability assessment for organic compounds: fuzzy multi-criteria approach for Mexico city.

This study was based on a groundwater vulnerability assessment approach implemented for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The approach is based on a fuzzy multi-criteria procedure integrated in a geographic information system. The approach combined the potential contaminant sources with the permeability of geological materials.