Mediastinal Myxofibrosarcoma Harboring Loss-of-Function Variant in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Myxofibrosarcoma is a malignant fibroblastic neoplasm that commonly arises in the extremities, with mediastinum being a very rare location. The development of sarcomas is uncommon in patients with Lynch syndrome. We present a Lynch syndrome patient with synchronous cecal adenocarcinoma and mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma with both harboring the same loss-of-function alteration (c.

Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy with Concurrent use of Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound and Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Lesions.

Purpose: Lung nodules are a common radiographic finding. Non-surgical biopsy is recommended in patients with moderate or high pretest probability for malignancy. Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a new approach to sample pulmonary lesions.

Intraoperative cytology when cryostat is not available. A 7-year experience in a Peruvian cancer center.

Background: Intraoperative cytology (IC) is an alternative to frozen-section (FS) diagnosis. We present our experience with and the diagnostic value of IC during a 7-year period when FS was not available in a Peruvian Cancer Center.

Material And Methods: This 7-year retrospective single-arm review study includes IC procedures performed by three pathologists between 2012 and 2018.

Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (Surgicel®) on Cytology/Histology.

Introduction: In patients with a history of malignancy, follow-up surveillance of lymph nodes (LNs) is required to evaluate for potential malignancy or infection. In some cases, the lymphadenopathy may be secondary to an intraprocedural hemostatic agent and/or related granulomatous reaction.

Case Presentation: We present the case of an 80-year-old female with a remote past medical history of breast cancer status post-lumpectomy and chemoradiation.

Intraoperative cytopathology of thoracic surgery (ICTS). A captivating, worthwhile, and rewarding service line.

Intraoperative cytopathology for thoracic surgeons is a service that has not been utilized to its full potential in most institutions. It has the advantage of a rapid turnaround time, low costs, high accuracy, real time communication with the surgeon, on-site visualization of the lesion before excision, simplicity, and safety. Our experience, common cytologic findings of the most frequent thoracic tumors encountered during ICTS, hints about the service, and models for implementation and maintenance are presented.

GM-CSF drives myelopoiesis, recruitment and polarisation of tumour-associated macrophages in cholangiocarcinoma and systemic blockade facilitates antitumour immunity.

Objective: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is rising in incidence, and at present, there are limited effective systemic therapies. iCCA tumours are infiltrated by stromal cells, with high prevalence of suppressive myeloid populations including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here, we show that tumour-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the host bone marrow is central for monopoiesis and potentiation of TAMs, and abrogation of this signalling axis facilitates antitumour immunity in a novel model of iCCA.

Intraoperative Cytology for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Quality Improvement Analysis.

Background: Frozen section is a standard of care procedure during thoracic surgery when an immediate diagnosis is needed. An alternative procedure is intraoperative cytology. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is currently widely used for thoracic surgical procedures.

Pathologists at the Leading Edge of Optimizing the Tumor Tissue Journey for Diagnostic Accuracy and Molecular Testing.

Objectives: Tumor biomarker analyses accompanying immuno-oncology therapies are coupled with a tumor tissue journey aiming to guide tissue procurement and allow for accurate diagnosis and delivery of test results. The engagement of pathologists in the tumor tissue journey is essential because they are able to link the preanalytic requirements of this process with pathologic evaluation and clinical information, ultimately influencing treatment decisions for patients with cancer. The aim of this review is to provide suggestions on how cancer diagnosis and the delivery of molecular test results may be optimized, based on the needs and available resources of institutions, by placing the tumor tissue journey under the leadership of pathologists.

Difficulties in diagnostics of lung tumours in biopsies: an interpathologist concordance study evaluating the international diagnostic guidelines.

Aims: Accurate and reliable diagnosis is essential for lung cancer treatment. The study aim was to investigate interpathologist diagnostic concordance for pulmonary tumours according to WHO diagnostic criteria.

Methods: Fifty-two unselected lung and bronchial biopsies were diagnosed by a thoracic pathologist based on a broad spectrum of immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings, molecular data and clinical/radiological information.

Optimising rapid on-site evaluation-assisted endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes: The real-time cytopathology intervention process.

Introduction: Lymph node sampling by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the state of art procedure for staging the mediastinum and hilar regions in lung cancer patients. Our experience of implementing the real-time cytopathology intervention (RTCI) process for intraoperative EBUS-TBNAs is presented. This study is aimed to describe in detail the RTCI process for EBUS-TBNAs, and assess its utility and diagnostic yield before and after its implementation in parallel to conventional rapid on-site evaluation (c-ROSE).

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor: Cytologic features, tissue correlation, ancillary studies, and differential diagnosis of a recently described soft tissue neoplasm.

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor is a low-grade mesenchymal neoplasm of superficial soft tissues characterized by fascicles of spindle to epithelioid cells displaying nuclear pleomorphism and strong diffuse CD34 immunoreactivity. The intraoperative imprint cytology preparations (ICP) of a superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor from a 50-year-old female are described. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of the cytologic findings of superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor in the English medical literature.

Going beyond "Basaloid neoplasm": Fine needle aspiration cytology of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy with variable cytologic findings. Its rarity, variable morphologic findings, and similarities with more common salivary gland entities make it a difficult cytologic diagnosis. As the name signifies, the key feature of this tumor is presence of an epithelial and myoepithelial component.

RKIP Inhibits Local Breast Cancer Invasion by Antagonizing the Transcriptional Activation of MMP13.

Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein or RKIP was initially identified as a Raf-1 binding protein using the yeast 2-hybrid screen. RKIP inhibits the activation phosphorylation of MEK by Raf-1 by competitively inhibiting the binding of MEK to Raf-1 and thus exerting an inhibitory effect on the Raf-MEK-Erk pathway. RKIP has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene.

Ipilimumab-Induced Granulomatous Disease Occurring Simultaneously With Disease Progression in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma.

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous malignancy with dismal prognosis in the advanced setting. The food and drug administration approval of ipilimumab, the monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, has significantly changed treatment strategies for this disease. However, the spectrum of immune-related adverse events secondary to ipilimumab therapy is a growing area of research, and clinical observations of rare immune events as a result of such therapies continue to be reported since the approval.

Phosphorylation of tyrosine 285 of PAK1 facilitates βPIX/GIT1 binding and adhesion turnover.

The p21-activated serine-threonine kinase (PAK1) regulates cell motility and adhesion. We have previously shown that the prolactin (PRL)-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 phosphorylates PAK1 in vivo and in vitro and identified tyrosines 153, 201, and 285 in PAK1 as sites of JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation. Here, we further investigate the role of the tyrosyl phosphorylated PAK1 (pTyr-PAK1) in regulation of cell adhesion.

Diffuse Autoimmune Enteropathy and Colopathy in an Adult Patient Successfully Treated With Adalimumab and a Review of the Literature.

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare disease that causes intractable diarrhea not responsive to a gluten free diet and must be distinguished from refractory sprue. It is associated with circulating autoantibodies against goblet cells and enterocytes. AIE mainly involves the small intestines, with very few cases reported in adults.

A multiplex two-color real-time PCR method for quality-controlled molecular diagnostic testing of FFPE samples.

Background: Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) tests support personalized cancer treatment through more clinically meaningful diagnosis. However, samples obtained through standard clinical pathology procedures are formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and yield small samples with low integrity RNA containing PCR interfering substances. RT-qPCR tests able to assess FFPE samples with quality control and inter-laboratory reproducibility are needed.

Giant Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp of the Descending Colon Treated with Endoscopic Resection.

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) of the colon are very rare, reactive, non-neoplastic polyps that may grow to large sizes but do not carry any risk of malignancy. Because of their size, IFPs are usually treated with surgery; however, size alone should not be an indication for surgery. Depending on the location and morphology of the polyp, endoscopic resection should be considered.

Pulmonary collision tumor consisting of adenocarcinoma and typical carcinoid--a case report and review of literature.

Collision tumors are rare in nature. We report a case of a 70-year-old woman who was found to have a new mass in the right lung. Right upper and middle lobectomies with a mediastinal lymph node sampling were performed.

Retroperitoneal metastatic germ cell tumor presenting as a psoas abscess: a diagnostic pitfall.

Most testicular neoplasms are germ cell tumors, the vast majority of which represent seminomas. Most seminomas present localized to the testis, whereas nonseminomatous germ cell tumors more often present with lymph node metastases. Psoas abscesses generally arise from a contiguous intra-abdominal or pelvic infectious process, an adjacent focus of osteomyelitis or septic emboli from distant infectious foci.