Body mass index and fat influences the role of genus in lupus patients concerning fibrinogen levels.

Introduction: Metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases elicit distinct yet interconnected manifestations of inflammation, which may be boosted by an excess of body adiposity. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory/coagulation variables concerning patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exploiting low-grade metabolic inflammation (MI), as reference.

Methods: A population stratification by body mass index (BMI), allowed to assess the impact of adiposity on the putative role of gut microbiota composition on coagulation markers.

Guidance and Position of RINN22 regarding Precision Nutrition and Nutriomics.

Background: Precision nutrition is based on the integration of individual's phenotypical and biological characteristics including genetic variants, epigenetic marks, gut microbiota profiles, and metabolite fingerprints as well as medical history, lifestyle practices, and environmental and cultural factors. Thus, nutriomics areas including nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, nutriepigenetics, nutrimetabolomics, and nutrimetagenomics have emerged to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between nutrients, diet, and the human body's molecular processes through precision nutrition.

Summary: This document from the Ibero-American Network of Nutriomics and Precision Nutrition (RINN22; View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Effect of Genotype on the Response to Diet in Cardiovascular Disease-A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: Nutrigenetics investigates the role of genetic variants that contribute to the inter-individual variation in response to food intake. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are influenced by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. The aim of this scoping review is to analyze the literature on the effect of genotypes on the response to dietary interventions for the treatment of CVD risk factors.

Updated-Food Choice Questionnaire: Cultural Adaptation and Validation in a Spanish-Speaking Population from Mexico.

Background: Determinants and motives related to food selection have evolved in a globalized and changing world. The traditional and useful Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), created in 1995, needs to be updated, adapted to new scenarios, and validated.

Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) assess face validity (FV) of the original 36-item FCQ, (2) generate an Updated-FCQ (U-FCQ) and assess its content validity (CV) (instrument suitability), and (3) evaluate its construct validity and reliability in a Spanish-speaking population from Mexico.

Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome, Autoimmune and Viral Distinctive Inflammatory Related Conditions as Affected by Body Mass Index.

: Metabolic inflammation (MI), long COVID (LC) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) share some metabolic common manifestations and inflammatory pathophysiological similarities. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and metabolic age are indicators of health status. The "METAINFLAMMATION-CM Y2020/BIO-6600" project, a prospective controlled study, aimed to identify differential diagnostic tools and clinical features among three inflammatory conditions by comparing obesity status (low BMI vs.

Comparative assessment of phenotypic markers in patients with chronic inflammation: Differences on Bifidobacterium concerning liver status.

Background: The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and low-grade metabolic inflammation (MI) with the microbiota is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and developing effective therapeutic interventions. In this context, it has been observed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the immune regulation and inflammation contributing to the exacerbation through inflammatory mediators. This research aimed to describe similarities/differences in anthropometric, biochemical, inflammatory, and hepatic markers as well as to examine the putative role of gut microbiota concerning two inflammatory conditions: SLE and MI.

Comparative Bioaccesibility Study of Cereal-Based Nutraceutical Ingredients Using INFOGEST Static, Semi-Dynamic and Dynamic In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Efficient development of effective functional foods and nutraceuticals requires adequate estimation methods of the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds. Specially grain-based nutraceuticals and functional ingredients are often enriched in bound/low bioavailable bioactive phytochemicals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the differences in applying static or dynamic digestion models for the estimation of bioaccessibility of antioxidants present in cereal grain-based/fiber-rich ingredients produced using enzymatic hydrolysis and sprouting processes.

A Platform for Ultra-Fast Proton Probing of Matter in Extreme Conditions.

Recent developments in ultrashort and intense laser systems have enabled the generation of short and brilliant proton sources, which are valuable for studying plasmas under extreme conditions in high-energy-density physics. However, developing sensors for the energy selection, focusing, transport, and detection of these sources remains challenging. This work presents a novel and simple design for an isochronous magnetic selector capable of angular and energy selection of proton sources, significantly reducing temporal spread compared to the current state of the art.

Quality of Life and Psychological Changes in Bariatric Surgery: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Candidates for bariatric surgery may have psychiatric disorders that must be evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the psychological state and quality of life (QoL) of patients with obesity awaiting bariatric surgery prior to surgical procedure and 1 year after surgery.

Methods: A longitudinal retrospective observational study was carried out in 71 patients awaiting bariatric surgery.

Lack of association between serum apelin levels and sarcopenia in elderly malnourished subjects.

Objective: Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by muscle mass loss. Skeletal muscle is capable of producing and secreting different molecules called myokines, and apelin is one of them. The literature contains contradictory data on the relationship between apelin and sarcopenia.

Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Ultrasound Imaging System for Quantifying Muscle Architecture Parameters of the Rectus Femoris in Disease-Related Malnutrition (DRM).

(1) Background: The aim was to validate an AI-based system compared to the classic method of reading ultrasound images of the rectus femur (RF) muscle in a real cohort of patients with disease-related malnutrition. (2) Methods: One hundred adult patients with DRM aged 18 to 85 years were enrolled. The risk of DRM was assessed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM).

Boosting Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Blending Cereal-Based Nutraceuticals Produced Using Sprouting and Hydrolysis Tools.

Nutraceuticals obtained from sprouted wheat and oat grains and processing by-products (bran and hull, respectively) naturally containing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds were evaluated. The objective of this study was the development of a cereal-based nutraceutical formula combining extracts from sprouts and by-products and the exploration for potential synergetic effects in their bioactive properties. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, glycemic index, phytic acid, and β-glucan of individual wheat bran hydrolysate (EH-WB), sprouted wheat (SW), oat hull hydrolysate (EH-OH), sprouted oat (SO), and combined ingredients (CI 1, CI 2, and CI3) were used to tailor an optimal nutraceutical formula.

Impact of the rs822393 Variant on Adiponectin Levels and Metabolic Parameters after Weight Loss Secondary to a High-Fat Hypocaloric Diet with Mediterranean Pattern.

Introduction: The effects of the rs822393 variant of ADIPOQ gene on metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance and adiponectin levels following weight loss through dietary intervention are still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of rs822393 of ADIPOQ gene on adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters after weight loss with a high-fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern during 12 weeks.

Methods: A population of 283 patients with obesity was allocated to a dietary intervention trial with a high-fat hypocaloric diet during 12 weeks.

Quality of life, diabetes-related stress and treatment satisfaction are correlated with glycemia risk index (GRI), time in range and hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia components in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: To evaluate the relationship between the GRI -component of hypoglycemia (CHypo) and hyperglycemia (CHyper)- with diabetes quality of life (DQoL), diabetes-related stress (DDS), perception of hypoglycemia (Clarke Test), visual analogic scale (VAS) and diabetes-knowledge (DKQ2) in T1D.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in 92 patients with T1D under intensive insulin treatment (21.7% CSII) and flash glucose monitoring (isCGM).

A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet normalises obesity-related enhanced levels of erythropoietin compared with a low-calorie diet or bariatric surgery.

Purpose: Nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in improving obesity-related pathophysiology. Recently, growing attention has been focused on the relation between erythropoietin (EPO) and obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a VLCKD modify the circulating levels of EPO in patients with obesity in comparison with the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).

Role of rs2282679 in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance after a sleeve gastrectomy.

Background & Aims: Some studies have reported links between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the presence of obesity and some genetic variants. The aim of our design was to evaluate the effects of rs2282679 genetic variant of CG gene on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, weight loss and metabolic parameters after a robotic sleeve gastrectomy in premenopausal females with obesity.

Methods: 76 participants were enrolled.

Clinical, glycometric features and treatment in a family with monogenic diabetes due to a new mutation in the insulin gene.

Monogenic diabetes caused by changes in the gene that encodes insulin (INS) is a very rare form of monogenic diabetes (<1%). The aim of this work is to describe the clinical and glycaemic control characteristics over time from four members of a family diagnosed with monogenic diabetes with the novel mutation: c.206del,p.

APOA-5 genetic variant and a hypocaloric diet enriched in ω-6 fatty acids with Mediterranean pattern.

Objective: The APOA5-1131C allele is related to a worse lipid profile and metabolic response to diet interventions. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of SNP rs662799 on the lipid profile of patients with obesity after a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern enriched in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

Patients And Methods: A population of 362 Caucasian patients with obesity was evaluated.

Relationship between adiponectin and muscle mass in patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity.

Background: Adiponectin is one of the most important adipokines in human beings. Obesity and sarcopenia are associated with a low-level chronic inflammatory status, and adiponectin plays an anti-inflammatory role.

Aims: The objective of the current work was to study the association between muscle mass, determined via bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and circulating adiponectin levels among obese patients with metabolic syndrome who are older than 60 years of age.

Clinical Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support System for the Diagnosis and American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Classification of Thyroid Nodules.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support system (DSS), Koios DS, on the analysis of ultrasound imaging and suspicious characteristics for thyroid nodule risk stratification. A retrospective ultrasound study was conducted on all thyroid nodules with histological findings from June 2021 to December 2022 in a thyroid nodule clinic. The diagnostic performance of ultrasound imaging was evaluated by six readers on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) before and after the use of the AI-based DSS and by AI itself.

Combined Strategy Using High Hydrostatic Pressure, Temperature and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Development of Fibre-Rich Ingredients from Oat and Wheat By-Products.

Wheat bran (WB) and oat hull (OH) are two interesting undervalued cereal processing sources rich in total dietary fibre (TDF) and other associated bioactive compounds, such as β-glucans and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to optimise a combination chemical (enzymes) and physical (high hydrostatic pressure-temperature) strategies to increase the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds naturally bound to the bran and hull outer layers. WB and OH were hydrolysed using food-grade enzymes (UltraFloXL and Viscoferm, for WB and OH, respectively) in combination with HPP at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and hydrolysis either before or after HPP.

Role of irisin and myostatin on sarcopenia in malnourished patients diagnosed with GLIM criteria.

Objectives: Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass. Skeletal muscle can produce and secrete different molecules called myokines. Irisin and myostatin are antagonistic myokines, and to our knowledge, no studies of both myokines have been conducted in patients with disease-related malnutrition (DRM).

The OPTIFAST total and partial meal replacement programme reduces cardiometabolic risk in adults with obesity: Secondary and exploratory analysis of the OPTIWIN study.

Aim: The effects of weight loss with a partial or total meal replacement programme (MRP) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors are not fully understood, in particular in people at higher CV risk. In the 52-week randomized controlled OPTIWIN study in men and women with obesity, meal replacement programme (total for first 26 weeks, partial for the ensuing 26 weeks) with OPTIFAST (OP) resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared with a low-calorie food-based (FB) dietary plan, both as part of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention [OP (n = 135)/FB (n = 138) week 26: -12.4%/-6.

Protocol for a prospective cohort study on the feasibility of application of nutritional ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with nutritional risk at hospital discharge: study on body composition and function (DRECO).

Introduction: Nutritional ultrasound (US) is an emerging technique in clinical nutrition for the morphological and structural study of muscle mass. Currently, all definitions of malnutrition include the measurement of muscle mass; however, there is no single way to assess it. It is necessary to develop new techniques to identify muscle involvement in malnutrition that are valid, standardised, reliable, accurate and profitable.